---
title: sauerkraut — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sauerkraut» in the school dictionary: Sauerkraut is finely shredded cabbage that has been salted and left to ferment so that it turns sour. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sauerkraut

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sauerkraut, It, Grandpa, We, Bacteria, Captain Cook · **What happens:** shred, be, salt, leave, ferment, turn · **To what, where:** shredded cabbage, traditional food, Germany, sauerkraut, class, cabbage

<!-- .vabout -->
«sauerkraut» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sauerkraut in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sauerkraut.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sauerkraut is finely shredded cabbage that has been salted and left to ferment so that it turns sour.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sauerkraut:m1:1
# text = Sauerkraut is finely shredded cabbage that has been salted and left to ferment so that it turns sour.
1	Sauerkraut	sauerkraut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	finely	finely	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	shredded	shred	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	cabbage	cabbage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obj	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	salted	salt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	ferment	ferment	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	17	mark	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	fixed	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
18	sour	sour	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shred** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Sauerkraut | shredded cabbage |  |  |  | finely *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **salt** | present · perfect · passive |  | shredded cabbage |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: that=Destination |
| 4 | **leave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **ferment** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **turn** | present | Sauerkraut |  |  |  |  | sour *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a traditional food in Germany and central and eastern Europe, often eaten with sausages.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sauerkraut:m2:1
# text = It is a traditional food in Germany and central and eastern Europe, often eaten with sausages.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	traditional	traditional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	central	central	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	eastern	eastern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	often	often	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	sausages	sausage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a traditional food |  | Germany and central Europe |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **eat** | participle |  | a traditional food *not said here* |  |  |  | with sausages; often *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa piled sauerkraut on his hot dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sauerkraut:x1:1
# text = Grandpa piled sauerkraut on his hot dog.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	piled	pile	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sauerkraut	sauerkraut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pile** | past | Grandpa | sauerkraut |  |  |  | on Grandpa's hot dog | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sauerkraut=Theme on dog=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sauerkraut tastes sour and a bit salty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sauerkraut:x2:1
# text = Sauerkraut tastes sour and a bit salty.
1	Sauerkraut	sauerkraut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tastes	taste	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sour	sour	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	salty	salty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **taste** | present | Sauerkraut |  |  |  |  | sour *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made sauerkraut in class by packing cabbage and salt into a jar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sauerkraut:x3:1
# text = We made sauerkraut in class by packing cabbage and salt into a jar.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sauerkraut	sauerkraut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	packing	pack	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	advcl	_	_
8	cabbage	cabbage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | sauerkraut |  | class |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sauerkraut=Product |
| 2 | **pack** | gerund | We *not said here* | cabbage and salt |  | a jar |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent cabbage=Theme into jar=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bacteria help turn cabbage into sauerkraut.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sauerkraut:x4:1
# text = Bacteria help turn cabbage into sauerkraut.
1	Bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
4	cabbage	cabbage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sauerkraut	sauerkraut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Bacteria |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **turn** | infinitive | Bacteria *not said here* | cabbage |  | sauerkraut |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent cabbage=Theme into sauerkraut=Trajectory |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Captain Cook took barrels of sauerkraut on his long voyages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sauerkraut:x5:1
# text = Captain Cook took barrels of sauerkraut on his long voyages.
1	Captain	Captain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Cook	Cook	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	barrels	barrel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sauerkraut	sauerkraut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	voyages	voyage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Captain Cook | barrels of sauerkraut |  | Cook's long voyages |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent barrel=Theme on voyage=Destination |
| 2 | **voyage** |  | Cook |  |  |  |  |  | nom voyage «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Germany, sausages are often served with sauerkraut and mustard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sauerkraut:x6:1
# text = In Germany, sausages are often served with sauerkraut and mustard.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	sausages	sausage	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	often	often	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	served	serve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sauerkraut	sauerkraut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	mustard	mustard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | present · passive |  | sausages |  | Germany |  | with sauerkraut and mustard; often *property* | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP.theme»: subject=Recipient with sauerkraut=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ukrainian kitchens have kvashena kapusta, which is very like sauerkraut.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sauerkraut:x7:1
# text = Ukrainian kitchens have kvashena kapusta, which is very like sauerkraut.
1	Ukrainian	ukrainian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	kitchens	kitchen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	kvashena	kvashena	X	FW	_	5	compound	_	_
5	kapusta	kapusta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	sauerkraut	sauerkraut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Ukrainian kitchens | kvashena kapusta and sauerkraut |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kapusta=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | kvashena kapusta and sauerkraut |  |  |  |  | like sauerkraut | tree rules |

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<!-- /div -->

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