---
title: scab — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «scab» in the school dictionary: A hard, dry, dark crust that forms over a cut or graze while the skin heals underneath. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# scab

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hard dry dark crust, skin, worker, I, scab, you · **What happens:** form, heal, keep, work, fall off, be · **To what, where:** cut, bike, scab, own plaster, scabs, big scab

<!-- .vabout -->
«scab» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [scab in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/scab.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hard, dry, dark crust that forms over a cut or graze while the skin heals underneath.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scab:m1:1
# text = A hard, dry, dark crust that forms over a cut or graze while the skin heals underneath.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
2	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	crust	crust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	forms	form	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	over	over	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	graze	graze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	heals	heal	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
19	underneath	underneath	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | present | a hard dry dark crust |  |  | a cut or graze |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over cut=Location |
| 2 | **heal** | present | the skin |  |  |  |  | underneath *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old, insult — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A worker who keeps working during a strike.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scab:m2:1
# text = A worker who keeps working during a strike.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	worker	worker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	strike	strike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | a worker |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **work** | gerund | a worker *not said here* |  |  |  | during a strike |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I fell off my bike, and now there's a scab on my knee.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scab:x1:1
# text = I fell off my bike, and now there's a scab on my knee.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	bike	bike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
9	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	10	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	scab	scab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall off** | past | I | my bike |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **be** | present | a scab on my knee |  |  | there | now |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't pick your scab or it will bleed again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scab:x2:1
# text = Don't pick your scab or it will bleed again.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	pick	pick	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	scab	scab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	bleed	bleed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
10	again	again	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **pick** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | your scab |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scab=Patient |
| 2 | **bleed** | future | scab |  |  |  | again |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scab fell off and there was new pink skin underneath.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scab:x3:1
# text = The scab fell off and there was new pink skin underneath.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scab	scab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	7	expl	_	_
7	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
11	underneath	underneath	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall off** | past | the scab |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **be** | past | new pink skin |  |  | there |  | underneath *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A scab is the body's own plaster.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scab:x4:1
# text = A scab is the body's own plaster.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scab	scab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	plaster	plaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a scab | the body's own plaster |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chickenpox spots turn into scabs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scab:x5:1
# text = Chickenpox spots turn into scabs.
1	Chickenpox	chickenpox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	spots	spot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	scabs	scab	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | Chickenpox spots |  |  | scabs |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into scab=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep the scab clean and dry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scab:x6:1
# text = Keep the scab clean and dry.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	scab	scab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | the scab |  |  |  | clean *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scab=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her elbow had a big scab after the fall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scab:x7:1
# text = Her elbow had a big scab after the fall.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	elbow	elbow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	scab	scab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Her elbow | a big scab |  |  | after the fall |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scab=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scabs can be itchy while they heal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scab:x8:1
# text = Scabs can be itchy while they heal.
1	Scabs	scab	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	itchy	itchy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	heal	heal	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | Scabs |  |  |  |  | itchy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **heal** | present | Scabs *= scab* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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