---
title: scald — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «scald» in the school dictionary: To scald is to burn your skin with very hot liquid or steam. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# scald

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** scald, milk, you, tea, He, hot drink · **What happens:** scald, be, cause, boil, hold, run · **To what, where:** injury, skin, something, hand, scald, cool running water · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«scald» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [scald in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/scald.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To scald is to burn your skin with very hot liquid or steam.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scald:m1:1
# text = To scald is to burn your skin with very hot liquid or steam.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	scald	scald	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scald** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with hot liquid or steam; burn *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A scald is an injury to the skin caused by hot liquid or steam.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scald:m2:1
# text = A scald is an injury to the skin caused by hot liquid or steam.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scald	scald	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a scald | a injury |  |  |  | to the skin | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | participle |  | the skin *not said here* |  |  |  | by hot liquid or steam | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To scald something, like milk, is to heat it until it is almost boiling.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scald:m3:1
# text = To scald something, like milk, is to heat it until it is almost boiling.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	scald	scald	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	heat	heat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	boiling	boil	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scald** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | heat *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **boil** | present · progressive | milk |  |  |  |  | almost *property* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be careful, the tea is scalding hot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scald:x1:1
# text = Be careful, the tea is scalding hot.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	scalding	scald	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | careful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **scald** | present · progressive | the tea |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He scalded his hand on the steam from the kettle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scald:x2:1
# text = He scalded his hand on the steam from the kettle.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	scalded	scald	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	kettle	kettle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scald** | past | He | his hand |  |  |  | on the steam from the kettle | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent hand=Patient on steam=Instrument |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hold a scald under cool running water for twenty minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scald:x3:1
# text = Hold a scald under cool running water for twenty minutes.
1	Hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	scald	scald	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | imperative | you *not said here* | a scald |  | cool running water | minute |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent scald=Theme under water=Location |
| 2 | **run** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Turn pan handles inward so nobody gets scalded.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scald:x4:1
# text = Turn pan handles inward so nobody gets scalded.
1	Turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	pan	pan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	handles	handle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	inward	inward	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	1	advmod	_	_
5	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	8	nsubj	_	_
7	gets	get	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	scalded	scald	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | imperative | you *not said here* | pan handles |  |  |  | inward *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent handle=Theme |
| 2 | **scald** | present · passive |  | nobody |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never put ice or butter on a scald.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scald:x5:1
# text = Never put ice or butter on a scald.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	butter	butter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	scald	scald	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | ice or butter |  | a scald |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent ice=Theme on scald=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Test the bath water so the baby doesn't get scalded.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scald:x6:1
# text = Test the bath water so the baby doesn't get scalded.
1	Test	test	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	bath	bath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	get	get	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	scalded	scald	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | imperative | you *not said here* | the bath water |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **scald** | present · passive · do-support |  | the baby |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hot drink can scald a toddler even after fifteen minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scald:x7:1
# text = A hot drink can scald a toddler even after fifteen minutes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	scald	scald	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	toddler	toddler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	even	even	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	after	after	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	fifteen	fifteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scald** | can | a hot drink | a toddler |  |  | minute |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument toddler=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The recipe says to scald the milk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scald:x8:1
# text = The recipe says to scald the milk.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	recipe	recipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	scald	scald	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the recipe |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **scald** | to-infinitive | the recipe *not said here* | the milk |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent milk=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It rushed down my throat and scalded me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scald:x9:1
# text = It rushed down my throat and scalded me.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rushed	rush	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	throat	throat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	scalded	scald	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rush down** | past | It | my throat |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location throat=Theme |
| 2 | **scald** | past |  | me |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent i=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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