---
title: scale — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «scale» in the school dictionary: A scale, or scales, is a tool for weighing things. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# scale

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** scale, tool, 1 cm, Scales, notes, you · **What happens:** be, weigh, show, make, stand, go up · **To what, where:** tool, things, real distances, set, small hard plates, skin · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«scale» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [scale in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/scale.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A scale, or scales, is a tool for weighing things.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scale:m1:1
# text = A scale, or scales, is a tool for weighing things.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scale	scale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	scales	scale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	weighing	weigh	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
12	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a scale or scales | a tool |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **weigh** | gerund | a tool *not said here* | things |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme thing=Value |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A scale on a map or plan shows how real distances are made smaller: «1 cm stands for 1 km».

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scale:m2:1
# text = A scale on a map or plan shows how real distances are made smaller: «1 cm stands for 1 km».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scale	scale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
10	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	distances	distance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	ccomp	_	_
14	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	cm	cm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	22	nummod	_	_
22	km	km	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a scale on a map or plan |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | present · passive |  | real distances |  |  |  | small *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **stand** *in a quote* | present | 1 cm |  |  |  |  | for 1 km | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for km=Attribute |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A scale is a set of marks with numbers for measuring, like on a ruler or thermometer.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scale:m3:1
# text = A scale is a set of marks with numbers for measuring, like on a ruler or thermometer.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scale	scale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	marks	mark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	measuring	measuring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	thermometer	thermometer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a scale | a set and a ruler or thermometer |  |  |  | of marks with numbers for measuring | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scales are the small hard plates on the skin of fish and snakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scale:m4:1
# text = Scales are the small hard plates on the skin of fish and snakes.
1	Scales	scale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	snakes	snake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Scales | the small hard plates |  | the skin of fish and snakes |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A scale in music is notes going up or down in order.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scale:m5:1
# text = A scale in music is notes going up or down in order.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scale	scale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	up	up	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	down	down	ADV	RB	_	8	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a scale in music | notes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go up** | gerund | notes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in order | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in order=Attribute |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To scale a wall is to climb it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scale:m6:1
# text = To scale a wall is to climb it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	scale	scale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	climb	climb	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | scale  a wall |  |  |  |  | climb *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scale shows 5 kg.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scale:x1:1
# text = The scale shows 5 kg.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scale	scale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	kg	kg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the scale | 5 kg |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent kg=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the map, 1 cm stands for 2 km.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scale:x2:1
# text = On the map, 1 cm stands for 2 km.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	km	km	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | 1 cm |  |  | the map |  | for 2 km | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on map=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put the apples on the scale.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scale:x3:1
# text = Put the apples on the scale.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	scale	scale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | the apples |  | the scale |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent apple=Theme on scale=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scale balances.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scale:x4:1
# text = The scale balances.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	scale	scale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	balances	balance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fish and snakes are covered in scales.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scale:x5:1
# text = Fish and snakes are covered in scales.
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	snakes	snake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	scales	scale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present · passive |  | Fish and snakes |  |  |  | in scales | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in scale=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She practises her piano scales every day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scale:x6:1
# text = She practises her piano scales every day.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	practises	practise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	piano	piano	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	scales	scale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **practise** | present | She | her piano scales |  |  | day |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On a scale of 1 to 10, how much did you like the film?

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scale:x7:1
# text = On a scale of 1 to 10, how much did you like the film?
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	scale	scale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
10	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	obj	_	_
11	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	like	like	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | past · do-support | you | much |  | a scale of 1 to 10 |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The climbers scaled the cliff.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scale:x8:1
# text = The climbers scaled the cliff.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	climbers	climber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	scaled	scale	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scale** | past | the climbers | the cliff |  |  |  |  | vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cliff=Source |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Will you lend me your best pair of scales?"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scale:x9:1
# text = Will you lend me your best pair of scales?"
1	Will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lend	lend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	scales	scale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lend** | future | you | your best pair of scales | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient pair=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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