---
title: scholar — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «scholar» in the school dictionary: A scholar is a person who studies one subject very deeply and knows a great deal about it, like a professor. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# scholar

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** scholar, person, student, pupil, She, Bible scholars · **What happens:** be, study, know, win, pay, learn · **To what, where:** person, one subject, great deal, pupil, scholarship, scholar · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«scholar» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [scholar in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/scholar.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A scholar is a person who studies one subject very deeply and knows a great deal about it, like a professor.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholar:m1:1
# text = A scholar is a person who studies one subject very deeply and knows a great deal about it, like a professor.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scholar	scholar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	studies	study	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	deeply	deeply	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	about	about	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	like	like	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	professor	professor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a scholar | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **study** | present | a person | one subject |  |  |  | deeply *property* | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |
| 3 | **know** | present | a person *not said here* | a great deal and a professor |  |  |  | about scholar | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer deal=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A scholar is a pupil or student who has won a scholarship, money to pay for their studies.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholar:m2:1
# text = A scholar is a pupil or student who has won a scholarship, money to pay for their studies.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scholar	scholar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	student	student	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
9	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	won	win	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	scholarship	scholarship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	studies	study	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a scholar | a pupil or student |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **win** | present · perfect | student | a scholarship |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scholarship=Eventuality |
| 3 | **pay** | to-infinitive | a scholar *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for pupil's studies | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for study=Theme |
| 4 | **study** |  | pupil |  |  |  |  |  | nom study «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A scholar is any pupil or schoolchild, or someone who is good at learning.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholar:m3:1
# text = A scholar is any pupil or schoolchild, or someone who is good at learning.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scholar	scholar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	schoolchild	schoolchild	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	appos	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a scholar | any pupil or schoolchild |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **learn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is a scholar of ancient Egypt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholar:x1:1
# text = She is a scholar of ancient Egypt.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	scholar	scholar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | She | a scholar |  |  |  | of ancient Egypt | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bible scholars study the old languages of the Bible.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholar:x2:1
# text = Bible scholars study the old languages of the Bible.
1	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	scholars	scholar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	study	study	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	languages	language	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | Bible scholars | the old languages of the Bible |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scholar spent years reading old letters in the library.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholar:x3:1
# text = The scholar spent years reading old letters in the library.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scholar	scholar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	reading	read	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | past | the scholar |  |  |  | year |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **read** | gerund | the scholar *not said here* | old letters |  | the library |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He became a music scholar at the big school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholar:x4:1
# text = He became a music scholar at the big school.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	scholar	scholar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | He | a music scholar |  | the big school |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad laughs and says he was never much of a scholar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholar:x5:1
# text = Dad laughs and says he was never much of a scholar.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	laughs	laugh	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	scholar	scholar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | present | Dad |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Dad *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is** | past | Dad |  |  |  |  | of a scholar; much *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scholars argue about who wrote the poem.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholar:x6:1
# text = Scholars argue about who wrote the poem.
1	Scholars	scholar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	argue	argue	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **argue** *speech: disagree* | present | Scholars |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **write** | past |  | the poem |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poem=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The young scholars filed into the hall for prize day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholar:x7:1
# text = The young scholars filed into the hall for prize day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	scholars	scholar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	filed	file	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **file** | participle |  | the young scholars *not said here* |  | the hall | day |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into hall=Initial\_Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Selim,’ said the Caliph, ‘I hear you are a scholar.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholar:x8:1
# text = ‘Selim,’ said the Caliph, ‘I hear you are a scholar.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Selim	Selim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Caliph	Caliph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	hear	hear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	scholar	scholar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Selim |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hear** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is a** | present | you | a scholar |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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