---
title: scholarly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «scholarly» in the school dictionary: Scholarly describes a person who studies a lot and knows a great deal about a subject. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# scholarly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, scholarly book, experts, quiet bookish way, grandad, scholarly man · **What happens:** describe, study, know, be, check, give · **To what, where:** person, lot, great deal, facts, quiet bookish way, someone

<!-- .vabout -->
«scholarly» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [scholarly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/scholarly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scholarly describes a person who studies a lot and knows a great deal about a subject.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholarly:m1:1
# text = Scholarly describes a person who studies a lot and knows a great deal about a subject.
1	Scholarly	scholarly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	studies	study	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	knows	know	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	about	about	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present |  | a person |  |  |  | scholarly *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent person=Theme |
| 2 | **study** | present | a person | a lot |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Topic |
| 3 | **know** | present | a person *not said here* | a great deal |  |  |  | about a subject | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer deal=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A scholarly book or article is serious, careful writing by experts, with facts checked and sources given.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholarly:m2:1
# text = A scholarly book or article is serious, careful writing by experts, with facts checked and sources given.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	experts	expert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	parataxis	_	_
16	checked	check	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	sources	source	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
19	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a scholarly book or article |  |  |  |  | serious *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **check** | participle |  | facts and sources *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **give** | participle |  | facts and sources *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **write** |  | experts |  |  |  |  |  | nom writing «act transitive»: by=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scholarly can describe a quiet, bookish way of looking or behaving, like someone who loves learning.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholarly:m3:1
# text = Scholarly can describe a quiet, bookish way of looking or behaving, like someone who loves learning.
1	Scholarly	scholarly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	bookish	bookish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
9	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	looking	look	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	behaving	behave	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	obj	_	_
16	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | can |  | a quiet bookish way |  |  |  | scholarly *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent way=Theme |
| 2 | **look** | gerund | a quiet bookish way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **behave** | gerund | a quiet bookish way *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **love** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **learn** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My grandad is a scholarly man who reads history books every night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholarly:x1:1
# text = My grandad is a scholarly man who reads history books every night.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	reads	read	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
12	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My grandad | a scholarly man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **read** | present | a scholarly man | history books |  |  | night |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum guide gave a scholarly talk about the Romans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholarly:x2:1
# text = The museum guide gave a scholarly talk about the Romans.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	guide	guide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the museum guide | a scholarly talk |  |  |  | about the Romans | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent talk=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For our project, Miss Patel wants at least one scholarly source.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholarly:x3:1
# text = For our project, Miss Patel wants at least one scholarly source.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Miss	Miss	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	Patel	Patel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	_
7	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	10	nmod	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
11	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | Miss | one scholarly source |  |  |  | for our project | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot source=Theme |
| 2 | **project** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom project «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A scholarly journal is read mostly by experts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholarly:x4:1
# text = A scholarly journal is read mostly by experts.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	journal	journal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	experts	expert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present · passive | experts | a scholarly journal |  |  |  | mostly *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old wizard had a scholarly look, with ink on his fingers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholarly:x5:1
# text = The old wizard had a scholarly look, with ink on his fingers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wizard	wizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	look	look	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	ink	ink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the old wizard | a scholarly look |  | wizard's fingers |  | with ink | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent look=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wrote a scholarly book about the birds of New Zealand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholarly:x6:1
# text = She wrote a scholarly book about the birds of New Zealand.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	_
11	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | She | a scholarly book |  |  |  | about the birds of New Zealand | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent book=Recipient about bird=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His glasses and pile of books made him look very scholarly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scholarly:x7:1
# text = His glasses and pile of books made him look very scholarly.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	pile	pile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	very	very	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	scholarly	scholarly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | His glasses and pile of books | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | infinitive | him *= he* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | scholarly *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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