---
title: science — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «science» in the school dictionary: Finding out how the world works by watching carefully, asking questions, testing ideas and measuring. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/science/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [S](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/) / science

# science

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** world, that, We, Science, us, ice · **What happens:** find out, work, watch, ask, test, study · **To what, where:** questions, ideas, experiment, science, us, prize · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«science» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [science in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/science.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Finding out how the world works by watching carefully, asking questions, testing ideas and measuring.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:science:m1:1
# text = Finding out how the world works by watching carefully, asking questions, testing ideas and measuring.
1	Finding	find	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	watching	watch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
9	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	asking	ask	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
12	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	testing	test	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	_
15	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	measuring	measuring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find out** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **work** | present | the world |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **watch** | gerund | the world *not said here* |  |  |  |  | carefully *property* | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund | the world *not said here* | questions |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent question=Recipient |
| 5 | **test** | gerund | the world *not said here* | ideas and measuring |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A school subject that studies living things, materials, forces, the Earth and space.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:science:m2:1
# text = A school subject that studies living things, materials, forces, the Earth and space.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	studies	study	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	materials	material	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	forces	force	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** |  | that |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A particular branch of knowledge, such as physics, chemistry or biology.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:science:m3:1
# text = A particular branch of knowledge, such as physics, chemistry or biology.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	physics	physics	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	chemistry	chemistry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	biology	biology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We did an experiment in science today.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:science:x1:1
# text = We did an experiment in science today.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	experiment	experiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | We | a experiment |  | science | today |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent experiment=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Science helps us understand why ice melts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:science:x2:1
# text = Science helps us understand why ice melts.
1	Science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	melts	melt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Science | us |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **understand** | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **melt** | present | ice |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lily won a prize at the science fair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:science:x3:1
# text = Lily won a prize at the science fair.
1	Lily	Lily	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | past | Lily | a prize |  | the science |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent prize=Theme at science=Asset |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Biology is the science of living things.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:science:x4:1
# text = Biology is the science of living things.
1	Biology	biology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Biology | the science |  |  |  | of living things | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My favourite school subject is science.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:science:x5:1
# text = My favourite school subject is science.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My favourite school subject | science |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a fair test you change only one thing at a time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:science:x6:1
# text = In a fair test you change only one thing at a time.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	change	change	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | you | one thing |  | a fair test | time |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Science fiction stories often take place in space.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:science:x7:1
# text = Science fiction stories often take place in space.
1	Science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	fiction	fiction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	often	often	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | fiction stories | place |  | space |  | often *property* | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent place=Value in space=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Great names shine there, in science and in art, names that are unknown to us.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:science:x8:1
# text = Great names shine there, in science and in art, names that are unknown to us.
1	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shine	shine	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	unknown	unknown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | present | Great names |  |  | there |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | names |  | us |  |  | unknown *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [schooner](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/schooner/)
- next →: [scientific](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/scientific/)
- ↑ back to [S in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/)