---
title: scottish — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «scottish» in the school dictionary: Scottish means from Scotland or to do with Scotland, its people or its culture. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# scottish

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Scottish, She, We, Scottish dance, Scottish flag, Edinburgh · **What happens:** mean, do, have, learn, call, be · **To what, where:** Scotland, Scottish accent, Scottish dance, ceilidh, white diagonal cross, blue background · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«scottish» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [scottish in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/scottish.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scottish means from Scotland or to do with Scotland, its people or its culture.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scottish:m1:1
# text = Scottish means from Scotland or to do with Scotland, its people or its culture.
1	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	appos	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	culture	culture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Scottish |  |  | Scotland |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive | Scottish *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with Scotland | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She has a Scottish accent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scottish:x1:1
# text = She has a Scottish accent.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	accent	accent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | She | a Scottish accent |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent accent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learned a Scottish dance called a ceilidh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scottish:x2:1
# text = We learned a Scottish dance called a ceilidh.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	dance	dance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ceilidh	ceilidh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We | a Scottish dance |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dance=Topic |
| 2 | **call** | participle | a Scottish dance *not said here* | a ceilidh |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent ceilidh=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Scottish flag is a white diagonal cross on a blue background.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scottish:x3:1
# text = The Scottish flag is a white diagonal cross on a blue background.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	flag	flag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	diagonal	diagonal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cross	cross	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	background	background	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Scottish flag | a white diagonal cross |  | a blue background |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Edinburgh is the Scottish capital.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scottish:x4:1
# text = Edinburgh is the Scottish capital.
1	Edinburgh	Edinburgh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Edinburgh | the Scottish capital |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bagpipes are a Scottish instrument.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scottish:x5:1
# text = Bagpipes are a Scottish instrument.
1	Bagpipes	bagpipe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	instrument	instrument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Bagpipes | a Scottish instrument |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend is Scottish; she comes from Aberdeen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scottish:x6:1
# text = My friend is Scottish; she comes from Aberdeen.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Aberdeen	Aberdeen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My friend |  |  |  |  | scottish *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | present | friend |  |  | Aberdeen |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from aberdeen=Initial\_Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But they had left watch-men on the wall to see that the Scottish soldiers did not come upon them un-a-wares; and so they felt quite safe.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scottish:x7:1
# text = But they had left watch-men on the wall to see that the Scottish soldiers did not come upon them un-a-wares; and so they felt quite safe.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	watch	watch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
17	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	ccomp	_	_
20	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	_
22	un-a-wares	un-a-ware	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	so	so	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
28	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past · perfect | they | watch men |  | the wall |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent man=Theme on wall=Location |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | they *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **not** **come** | past · do-support | the Scottish soldiers | un-a-wares |  |  |  | upon men *= man* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location un-a-ware=Theme |
| 4 | **feel** | past | soldiers *= soldier* |  |  |  |  | safe *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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