---
title: scowl — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «scowl» in the school dictionary: To frown in an angry or bad-tempered way. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# scowl

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** children, She, he, cat, Dad, you · **What happens:** frown, temper, scowl, kick, lose, go away · **To what, where:** old man, ball, game, scowl, me, bill · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«scowl» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [scowl in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/scowl.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To frown in an angry or bad-tempered way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scowl:m1:1
# text = To frown in an angry or bad-tempered way.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	frown	frown	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
5	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	tempered	temper	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **frown** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | in a tempered way | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in way=Theme |
| 2 | **temper** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An angry frown on someone's face.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scowl:m2:1
# text = An angry frown on someone's face.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	frown	frown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old man scowled at the children kicking the ball.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scowl:x1:1
# text = The old man scowled at the children kicking the ball.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	scowled	scowl	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	kicking	kick	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scowl** | participle |  | the old man *not said here* |  |  |  | at the children | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **kick** | gerund | the children *not said here* | the ball |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent ball=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She scowled when she lost the game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scowl:x2:1
# text = She scowled when she lost the game.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	scowled	scowl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
4	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scowl** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | past | she | the game |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Go away,» he said with a scowl.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scowl:x3:1
# text = «Go away,» he said with a scowl.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
3	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	scowl	scowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go away** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  |  |  | with a scowl | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat gave me a scowl and walked off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scowl:x4:1
# text = The cat gave me a scowl and walked off.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	scowl	scowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	off	off	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the cat | a scowl | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient scowl=Theme |
| 2 | **walk off** | past | the cat *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad scowled at the bill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scowl:x5:1
# text = Dad scowled at the bill.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	scowled	scowl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bill	bill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scowl** | past | Dad |  |  | the bill |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stop scowling and say thank you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scowl:x6:1
# text = Stop scowling and say thank you.
1	Stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	scowling	scowl	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	xcomp	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **scowl** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present |  |  | you |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her scowl turned into a smile when she saw the cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scowl:x7:1
# text = Her scowl turned into a smile when she saw the cake.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	scowl	scowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	smile	smile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | Her scowl |  |  | a smile |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into smile=Trajectory |
| 2 | **see** | past | scowl | the cake |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cake=Stimulus |
| 3 | **scowl** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom scowl «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She scowled, and was very cross, but the Master-maid did not trouble herself about that.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scowl:x8:1
# text = She scowled, and was very cross, but the Master-maid did not trouble herself about that.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	scowled	scowl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	cross	cross	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	Master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	maid	maid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	16	appos	_	_
18	about	about	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scowl** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | cross *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | past | the Master maid | trouble |  |  |  | about that | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trouble=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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