---
title: scratch — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «scratch» in the school dictionary: To scratch is to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it itches. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# scratch

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** skin, scratch, you, your, cat, We · **What happens:** scratch, be, itch, cut, mean, make · **To what, where:** surface, thin mark, beginning, it, mosquito bite, arm · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«scratch» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [scratch in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/scratch.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To scratch is to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it itches.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scratch:m1:1
# text = To scratch is to rub your skin with your nails, usually because it itches.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	scratch	scratch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	rub	rub	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	nails	nail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
13	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	itches	itch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scratch** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with your nails; rub *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **itch** | present | skin |  |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn pain-40.8.1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To scratch is to make a mark or cut on a surface with something sharp or rough.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scratch:m2:1
# text = To scratch is to make a mark or cut on a surface with something sharp or rough.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	scratch	scratch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	nmod	_	_
15	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	rough	rough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scratch** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **cut** | participle |  |  |  | a surface with something |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A scratch is a thin mark or small cut.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scratch:m3:1
# text = A scratch is a thin mark or small cut.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scratch	scratch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a scratch | a thin mark or small cut |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«From scratch» means from the very beginning, with nothing ready-made.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scratch:m4:1
# text = «From scratch» means from the very beginning, with nothing ready-made.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	From	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	scratch	scratch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	beginning	beginning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	5	parataxis	_	_
13	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | scratch |  |  |  | from the beginning |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To scratch out means to cross out or rub out writing so that it can no longer be read.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scratch:m5:1
# text = To scratch out means to cross out or rub out writing so that it can no longer be read.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	scratch	scratch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	nsubj	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	rub	rub	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
10	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
11	writing	write	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	xcomp	_	_
12	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	19	mark	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
16	no	no	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	19	advmod	_	_
18	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	read	read	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scratch out** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **cross out** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **rub out** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **write** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **read** | can · passive |  | it |  |  |  | long *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't scratch your mosquito bite.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scratch:x1:1
# text = Don't scratch your mosquito bite.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	scratch	scratch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	mosquito	mosquito	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	bite	bite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **scratch** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | your mosquito bite |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bite=Theme |
| 2 | **bite** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom bite «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat scratched my arm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scratch:x2:1
# text = The cat scratched my arm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	scratched	scratch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scratch** | past | the cat | my arm |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There's a scratch on the car door.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scratch:x3:1
# text = There's a scratch on the car door.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	scratch	scratch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a scratch |  |  | the car door; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on door=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clean the scratch and put on a plaster.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scratch:x4:1
# text = Clean the scratch and put on a plaster.
1	Clean	clean	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	scratch	scratch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	plaster	plaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | imperative | you *not said here* | the scratch |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent scratch=Patient |
| 2 | **put** | participle | you *not said here* |  |  | a plaster |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on plaster=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made the cake from scratch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scratch:x5:1
# text = We made the cake from scratch.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	scratch	scratch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | the cake |  | scratch |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent cake=Product from scratch=Material |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He scratched his head, puzzled.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scratch:x6:1
# text = He scratched his head, puzzled.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	scratched	scratch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	puzzled	puzzle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scratch** | past | He | his head |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme |
| 2 | **puzzle** | participle | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My homework wasn't up to scratch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scratch:x7:1
# text = My homework wasn't up to scratch.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	up	up	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	scratch	scratch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | My homework |  |  |  |  | up *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **scratch** | to-infinitive | My homework *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't scratch the table with your fork.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scratch:x8:1
# text = Don't scratch the table with your fork.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	scratch	scratch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	fork	fork	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **scratch** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | the table |  |  |  | with your fork | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Patient with fork=Instrument |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"You must be scratched out, then," said Ole-Luk-Oie.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scratch:x9:1
# text = "You must be scratched out, then," said Ole-Luk-Oie.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	scratched	scratch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	ccomp	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	Ole	Ole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Luk	Luk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Oie	Oie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scratch out** *in a quote* | must · passive |  | You |  |  | then |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Ole and Luk and Oie |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ↑ back to [S in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/)