---
title: scripture — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «scripture» in the school dictionary: Scripture (or the Scriptures) means the holy writings of the Bible for Christians. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/scripture/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [S](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/) / scripture

# scripture

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Scripture, vicar, Christians, Hindu scriptures, Torah, grandmother · **What happens:** mean, write, call, read, include, be · **To what, where:** holy writings, Bible, religion, school subject, passage, Scripture · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«scripture» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [scripture in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/scripture.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church, Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scripture (or the Scriptures) means the holy writings of the Bible for Christians.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scripture:m1:1
# text = Scripture (or the Scriptures) means the holy writings of the Bible for Christians.
1	Scripture	scripture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Scriptures	Scripture	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Scripture | the holy writings of the Bible for Christians |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writing=Topic |
| 2 | **write** |  |  | the Bible for Christians |  |  |  |  | nom writing «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: religion — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The holy writings of any religion, such as the Qur'an, the Torah or the Vedas.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scripture:m2:1
# text = The holy writings of any religion, such as the Qur'an, the Torah or the Vedas.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	religion	religion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Qur'an	Qur'an	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Vedas	Veda	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** |  |  | any religion |  |  |  |  | nom writing «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old use, UK schools — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A school subject for Bible study, now called Religious Education.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scripture:m3:1
# text = A school subject for Bible study, now called Religious Education.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	subject	subject	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	study	study	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	9	advmod	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
10	Religious	Religious	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Education	Education	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle |  | a school subject for Bible study *not said here* |  |  | now |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vicar read a passage from Scripture.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scripture:x1:1
# text = The vicar read a passage from Scripture.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vicar	vicar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	passage	passage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Scripture	Scripture	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | the vicar | a passage |  | Scripture |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent passage=Topic from scripture=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Christians call the Bible the Holy Scriptures.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scripture:x2:1
# text = Christians call the Bible the Holy Scriptures.
1	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Holy	Holy	PROPN	NNP	_	7	compound	_	_
7	Scriptures	Scripture	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | Christians |  | the Bible |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent bible=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hindu scriptures include the Vedas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scripture:x3:1
# text = Hindu scriptures include the Vedas.
1	Hindu	hindu	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	scriptures	scripture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	include	include	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Vedas	Veda	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | Hindu scriptures | the Vedas |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent veda=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Torah is the most important scripture for Jews.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scripture:x4:1
# text = The Torah is the most important scripture for Jews.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Torah	Torah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	6	advmod	_	_
6	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	scripture	scripture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Torah | the important scripture |  |  |  | for Jews | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My grandmother can quote Scripture from memory.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scripture:x5:1
# text = My grandmother can quote Scripture from memory.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	quote	quote	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	Scripture	Scripture	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **quote** *speech: other* | can | My grandmother | Scripture |  | memory |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scripture=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long ago, monks copied the scriptures by hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scripture:x6:1
# text = Long ago, monks copied the scriptures by hand.
1	Long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	monks	monk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	copied	copy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	scriptures	scripture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | past | monks | the scriptures |  |  |  | by hand; ago *property* | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent scripture=Theme by hand=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We compared stories from the scriptures of different religions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scripture:x7:1
# text = We compared stories from the scriptures of different religions.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	compared	compare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	scriptures	scripture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	religions	religion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compare** | past | We | stories |  | the scriptures of different religions |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Listening attentively, he heard her reading the Buddhist scriptures with great devotion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scripture:x8:1
# text = Listening attentively, he heard her reading the Buddhist scriptures with great devotion.
1	Listening	listen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
2	attentively	attentively	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	reading	read	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	ccomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Buddhist	buddhist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	scriptures	scripture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	devotion	devotion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | gerund | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  | attentively *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hear** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **read** | gerund | her *= she* | the Buddhist scriptures |  |  |  | with great devotion | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scripture=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [scriptural](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/scriptural/)
- next →: [scrivener](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/scrivener/)
- ↑ back to [S in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/)