---
title: scrooge — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «scrooge» in the school dictionary: Ebenezer Scrooge is the mean old man in Charles Dickens's story "A Christmas Carol" (1843), who learns to be kind and generous after visits from three ghosts. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# scrooge

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Ebenezer, mean old man, mean person, three ghosts, Scrooge, you · **What happens:** be, learn, hate, spend, not enjoy, visit · **To what, where:** mean old man, story, money, Christmas, Ebenezer, scrooge · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«scrooge» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [scrooge in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/scrooge.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ebenezer Scrooge is the mean old man in Charles Dickens's story "A Christmas Carol" (1843), who learns to be kind and generous after visits from three ghosts.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scrooge:m1:1
# text = Ebenezer Scrooge is the mean old man in Charles Dickens's story "A Christmas Carol" (1843), who learns to be kind and generous after visits from three ghosts.
1	Ebenezer	Ebenezer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	Scrooge	Scrooge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	mean	mean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	Charles	Charles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	_
10	Dickens	Dickens	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
12	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	Carol	Carol	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	1843	1843	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	learns	learn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
25	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	cop	_	_
26	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	ccomp	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	generous	generous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	conj	_	_
29	after	after	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	visits	visit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
31	from	from	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	33	nummod	_	_
33	ghosts	ghost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ebenezer | the mean old man |  | Charles's story |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **learn** | present | the mean old man |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | after visits from three ghosts | kind *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mean person who hates spending money or does not enjoy Christmas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scrooge:m2:1
# text = A mean person who hates spending money or does not enjoy Christmas.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mean	mean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	hates	hate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	spending	spend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	enjoy	enjoy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
12	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hate** | present | a mean person |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **spend** *not said to happen* | gerund | a mean person *not said here* | money |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Asset |
| 3 | **not** **enjoy** | present · do-support | a mean person *not said here* | Christmas |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer christmas=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ebenezer Scrooge is visited by three ghosts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scrooge:x1:1
# text = Ebenezer Scrooge is visited by three ghosts.
1	Ebenezer	Ebenezer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	Scrooge	Scrooge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	visited	visit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	ghosts	ghost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | present · passive | three ghosts | Ebenezer |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Co-Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Bah! Humbug!" says Scrooge.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "Bah!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scrooge:x2:1
# text = "Bah!
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Bah	bah	INTJ	UH	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Humbug!" says Scrooge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scrooge:x2:2
# text = Humbug!" says Scrooge.
1	Humbug	humbug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
4	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Scrooge	Scrooge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | Scrooge |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't be such a scrooge — share your sweets!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scrooge:x3:1
# text = Don't be such a scrooge — share your sweets!
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
4	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	6	det:predet	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	scrooge	scrooge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	share	share	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | infinitive |  | such scrooge |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **share** | infinitive | you *not said here* | your sweets |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At the end of the story, Scrooge becomes generous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scrooge:x4:1
# text = At the end of the story, Scrooge becomes generous.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	Scrooge	scrooge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	generous	generous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present | Scrooge |  |  |  | at the end of the story | generous *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad is a bit of a scrooge about turning the heating on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scrooge:x5:1
# text = Dad is a bit of a scrooge about turning the heating on.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	scrooge	scrooge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	heating	heating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Dad |  |  |  |  | of a scrooge | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn on** | gerund | a scrooge *not said here* | the heating |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent heating=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Muppets made a film of Scrooge's story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scrooge:x6:1
# text = The Muppets made a film of Scrooge's story.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Muppets	muppet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	Scrooge	Scrooge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the Muppets | a film of Scrooge's story |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset film=Product |
| 2 | **film** |  |  | Scrooge's story |  |  |  |  | nom film «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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