---
title: scurvy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «scurvy» in the school dictionary: An illness caused by not getting enough vitamin C, which comes from fresh fruit and vegetables. It makes the gums bleed and people feel weak. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# scurvy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** enough vitamin C, C, gums, people, many sailors, Oranges · **What happens:** cause, not get, come, make, bleed, feel · **To what, where:** illness, enough vitamin C, fresh fruit, scurvy, sea, gums

<!-- .vabout -->
«scurvy» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [scurvy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/scurvy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An illness caused by not getting enough vitamin C, which comes from fresh fruit and vegetables. It makes the gums bleed and people feel weak.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* An illness caused by not getting enough vitamin C, which comes from fresh fruit and vegetables.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scurvy:m1:1
# text = An illness caused by not getting enough vitamin C, which comes from fresh fruit and vegetables.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	getting	get	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	vitamin	vitamin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	C	c	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	vegetables	vegetable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | participle |  | a illness *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **not** **get** | gerund |  | enough vitamin C |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer c=Stimulus |
| 3 | **come** | present | enough vitamin C |  |  | fresh fruit and vegetables |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from fruit=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It makes the gums bleed and people feel weak.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scurvy:m1:2
# text = It makes the gums bleed and people feel weak.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	gums	gum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	bleed	bleed	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | C |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bleed** | present | the gums |  |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |
| 3 | **feel** | present | people |  |  |  |  | weak *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long ago, many sailors got scurvy at sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scurvy:x1:1
# text = Long ago, many sailors got scurvy at sea.
1	Long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sailors	sailor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	scurvy	scurvy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | many sailors | scurvy |  | sea |  | ago *property* | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent scurvy=Theme at sea=Asset |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oranges and lemons help to prevent scurvy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scurvy:x2:1
# text = Oranges and lemons help to prevent scurvy.
1	Oranges	orange	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	lemons	lemon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	prevent	prevent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	scurvy	scurvy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Oranges and lemons |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **prevent** | to-infinitive | Oranges and lemons *not said here* | scurvy |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer scurvy=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scurvy makes your gums sore and bleeding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scurvy:x3:1
# text = Scurvy makes your gums sore and bleeding.
1	Scurvy	scurvy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	gums	gum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	bleeding	bleed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Scurvy | your gums |  |  |  | sore *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset gum=Product |
| 2 | **bleed** | gerund | Scurvy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The captain gave his crew lime juice to stop scurvy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scurvy:x4:1
# text = The captain gave his crew lime juice to stop scurvy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
5	crew	crew	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	lime	lime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	juice	juice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
10	scurvy	scurvy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the captain | captain's crew lime juice |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent juice=Theme |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | the captain *not said here* | scurvy |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality scurvy=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scurvy is very rare today.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scurvy:x5:1
# text = Scurvy is very rare today.
1	Scurvy	scurvy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Scurvy |  |  |  | today | rare *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eating fruit and vegetables keeps us safe from scurvy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:scurvy:x6:1
# text = Eating fruit and vegetables keeps us safe from scurvy.
1	Eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	vegetables	vegetable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	scurvy	scurvy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | gerund |  | fruit and vegetables |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Patient |
| 2 | **keep** | present | Eating | us |  |  |  | safe *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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