---
title: sec — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sec» in the school dictionary: A very short time; short for "second". Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sec

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sec., you, I, video, Footnote · **What happens:** be, number, wait, come, hang, need · **To what, where:** short way, sec, coat, runner, 12.5 sec., sec.

<!-- .vabout -->
«sec» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sec in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sec.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very short time; short for "second".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sec:m1:1
# text = A very short time; short for "second".
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"wait a sec".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sec:m1e:1
# text = "wait a sec".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sec	sec	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* | a sec |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Abbreviation for second (of time): 30 sec.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sec:m2:1
# text = Abbreviation for second (of time): 30 sec.
1	Abbreviation	abbreviation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	appos	_	_
10	sec.	sec.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths, older pupils — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Short for secant, a function of an angle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sec:m3:1
# text = Short for secant, a function of an angle.
1	Short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	secant	secant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	function	function	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	angle	angle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Abbreviation for secretary.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sec:m4:1
# text = Abbreviation for secretary.
1	Abbreviation	abbreviation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	secretary	secretary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sec. is a short way of writing section, a numbered part of a book or law.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sec:m5:1
# text = Sec. is a short way of writing section, a numbered part of a book or law.
1	Sec.	sec.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	section	section	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	numbered	number	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sec. | a short way |  |  |  | of writing section | tree rules |
| 2 | **number** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn classify-29.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wait a sec, I'm coming!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sec:x1:1
# text = Wait a sec, I'm coming!
1	Wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sec	sec	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | imperative | you *not said here* | a sec |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | present · progressive | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hang on a sec, I need my coat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sec:x2:1
# text = Hang on a sec, I need my coat.
1	Hang	hang	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sec	sec	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | a sec |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on sec=Location |
| 2 | **need** | present | I | my coat |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot coat=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The runner finished in 12.5 sec.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sec:x3:1
# text = The runner finished in 12.5 sec.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	runner	runner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	12.5	12.5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	sec.	sec.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **finish** | participle |  | the runner *not said here* |  | 12.5 sec. |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I'll be back in a sec.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sec:x4:1
# text = I'll be back in a sec.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sec.	sec.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | future | I |  |  | a sec. |  | back *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The video is 45 sec long.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sec:x5:1
# text = The video is 45 sec long.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	45	45	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	sec	sec	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the video | 45 sec |  |  |  | long *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Give me a sec to think.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sec:x6:1
# text = Give me a sec to think.
1	Give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	iobj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sec	sec	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	think	think	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | imperative | you *not said here* | a sec | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient sec=Theme |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | a sec *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Benfey, Pantschatantra, Einleitung, Sec.201). \[Footnote: It occurs in the same chapter as the story of La Perrette, which has been traced, after Benfey, by Prof.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Benfey, Pantschatantra, Einleitung, Sec.201).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sec:x7:1
# text = Benfey, Pantschatantra, Einleitung, Sec.201).
1	Benfey	Benfey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	Pantschatantra	Pantschatantra	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Einleitung	Einleitung	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Sec.201	Sec.201	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* \[Footnote: It occurs in the same chapter as the story of La Perrette, which has been traced, after Benfey, by Prof.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sec:x7:2
# text = [Footnote: It occurs in the same chapter as the story of La Perrette, which has been traced, after Benfey, by Prof.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Footnote	footnote	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	occurs	occur	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	chapter	chapter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	La	La	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	Perrette	Perrette	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	traced	trace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	after	after	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Benfey	Benfey	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Prof	Prof	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occur** | present | Footnote | Footnote *not said here* |  | the same chapter |  | as the story of La; by Prof | tree rules |
| 2 | **trace** | present · perfect · passive |  | La |  |  | after Benfey |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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