---
title: secretly — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «secretly» in the school dictionary: Secretly means in a way that other people do not see or know about. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# secretly

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** other people, you, We, He, She, children · **What happens:** mean, not see, know about, describe, keep, not show · **To what, where:** way, feeling, birthday card, match, squirrel, garden · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«secretly» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [secretly in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/secretly.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Secretly means in a way that other people do not see or know about.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:secretly:m1:1
# text = Secretly means in a way that other people do not see or know about.
1	Secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
9	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
14	about	about	ADP	IN	_	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | in a way; secretly *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in way=Attribute |
| 2 | **not** **see** | present · do-support | other people | a way |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |
| 3 | **know about** | infinitive | other people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Secretly can describe a feeling you keep inside and do not show, like being secretly pleased.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:secretly:m2:1
# text = Secretly can describe a feeling you keep inside and do not show, like being secretly pleased.
1	Secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	cop	_	_
16	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	pleased	pleased	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | can |  | a feeling |  |  |  | secretly *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent feeling=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | present | you | a feeling *not said here* |  |  |  | inside *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feeling=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **show** | infinitive · do-support |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | pleased, secretly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We secretly made a birthday card for Mum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:secretly:x1:1
# text = We secretly made a birthday card for Mum.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Mum	Mum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | a birthday card |  |  |  | for Mum; secretly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent card=Product for mum=Beneficiary |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was secretly happy that the match was cancelled.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:secretly:x2:1
# text = He was secretly happy that the match was cancelled.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	cancelled	cancel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | He |  |  |  |  | happy, secretly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cancel** | past · passive |  | the match |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The squirrel secretly buried nuts in the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:secretly:x3:1
# text = The squirrel secretly buried nuts in the garden.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	squirrel	squirrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	buried	bury	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	nuts	nut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bury** | participle · passive |  | the squirrel |  | the garden |  | secretly *property* | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme nut=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She secretly read the last page first.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:secretly:x4:1
# text = She secretly read the last page first.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | She | the last page |  |  |  | first, secretly *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent page=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children secretly planned a surprise party for their teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:secretly:x5:1
# text = The children secretly planned a surprise party for their teacher.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	planned	plan	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plan** | past | the children | a surprise party |  |  |  | for children's teacher; secretly *property* | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent party=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The spy secretly copied the map.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:secretly:x6:1
# text = The spy secretly copied the map.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spy	spy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	copied	copy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | past | the spy | the map |  |  |  | secretly *property* | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent map=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I secretly hoped it would snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:secretly:x7:1
# text = I secretly hoped it would snow.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	hoped	hope	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hope** | past | I |  |  |  |  | secretly *property* | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **snow** | would | it |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If someone asks you to secretly meet them, tell a parent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:secretly:x8:1
# text = If someone asks you to secretly meet them, tell a parent.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asks	ask	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	meet	meet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* *a condition, not said to happen* | present | someone |  | you |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **meet** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | someone *not said here* | them *= they* |  |  |  | secretly *property* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | a parent |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent parent=Recipient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Prince followed her secretly to see what she was going to do.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:secretly:x9:1
# text = The Prince followed her secretly to see what she was going to do.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	followed	follow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	11	nsubj	_	_
9	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | past | the Prince | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | infinitive · progressive |  |  |  |  |  | secretly *property* | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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