---
title: seize — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «seize» in the school dictionary: To take hold of something suddenly and firmly; to grab. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# seize

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** He, army, Police, you, She, rebels · **What happens:** take, grab, hold, take away, seize up, mean · **To what, where:** hold, something, control, chance, rope, town · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«seize» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [seize in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/seize.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To take hold of something suddenly and firmly; to grab.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seize:m1:1
# text = To take hold of something suddenly and firmly; to grab.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hold	hold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nmod	_	_
6	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	firmly	firmly	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	grab	grab	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | to-infinitive |  | hold of something |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hold=Theme |
| 2 | **grab** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hold** |  |  | something |  |  |  |  | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He seized the rope.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seize:m1e:1
# text = He seized the rope.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	seized	seize	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seize** | past | He | the rope |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rope=Theme |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To take control of a place by force.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seize:m2:1
# text = To take control of a place by force.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | to-infinitive |  | control of a place |  |  |  | by force | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent control=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The army seized the town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seize:m2e:1
# text = The army seized the town.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	seized	seize	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seize** | past | the army | the town |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent town=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of police, officials — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To take something away by law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seize:m3:1
# text = To take something away by law.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take away** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | by law; away *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Police seized the stolen goods.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seize:m3e:1
# text = Police seized the stolen goods.
1	Police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	seized	seize	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	stolen	steal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seize** | past | Police | the stolen goods |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent goods=Theme |
| 2 | **steal** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To take a chance quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seize:m4:1
# text = To take a chance quickly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | to-infinitive |  | a chance |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chance=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seize the day!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seize:m4e:1
# text = Seize the day!
1	Seize	seize	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seize** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Seize up» means to become stuck and stop working, like an engine or stiff muscles.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seize:m5:1
# text = «Seize up» means to become stuck and stop working, like an engine or stiff muscles.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Seize	seize	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	nsubj	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	stuck	stuck	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	stop	stop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seize up** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **become** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | stuck *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **stop** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | like a engine or stiff muscles | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She seized the ball and ran.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seize:x1:1
# text = She seized the ball and ran.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	seized	seize	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seize** | past | She | the ball |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ball=Theme |
| 2 | **run** | past | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rebels seized the castle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seize:x2:1
# text = The rebels seized the castle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rebels	rebel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	seized	seize	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seize** | past | the rebels | the castle |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent castle=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Police seized 200 fake watches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seize:x3:1
# text = Police seized 200 fake watches.
1	Police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	seized	seize	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	200	200	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	fake	fake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	watches	watch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seize** | past | Police | 200 fake watches |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent watch=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seize the chance to learn something new!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seize:x4:1
# text = Seize the chance to learn something new!
1	Seize	seize	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	chance	chance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seize** | imperative | you *not said here* | the chance |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chance=Theme |
| 2 | **learn** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My legs seized up after the long race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seize:x5:1
# text = My legs seized up after the long race.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	seized	seize	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seize up** | participle · passive |  | My legs |  |  | after the long race |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car engine seized because it had no oil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seize:x6:1
# text = The car engine seized because it had no oil.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	seized	seize	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seize** | participle |  | the car engine *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | past | engine | no oil |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oil=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was seized with fear in the dark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seize:x7:1
# text = He was seized with fear in the dark.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	seized	seize	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seize** | past · passive |  | He |  | the dark |  | with fear | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Barmecide seized him by the hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seize:x8:1
# text = The Barmecide seized him by the hand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Barmecide	Barmecide	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	seized	seize	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seize** | past | the Barmecide | him *= he* |  |  |  | by the hand | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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