---
title: self — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «self» in the school dictionary: The person you are, your own nature and character: her true self. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# self

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** He, true self, she, Van, you, Self care · **What happens:** not be, be, paint, use, practise, help · **To what, where:** normal self, usual self, many self portraits, service checkout, self confidence, best help

<!-- .vabout -->
«self» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [self in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/self.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The person you are, your own nature and character: her true self.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:self:m1:1
# text = The person you are, your own nature and character: her true self.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your usual state.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:self:m2:1
# text = Your usual state.
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wasn't his normal self today.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:self:m2e:1
# text = He wasn't his normal self today.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	normal	normal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | past | He | his normal self |  |  | today |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Self- (prefix): by, of or for yourself: self-service, self-confidence, self-portrait.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:self:m3:1
# text = Self- (prefix): by, of or for yourself: self-service, self-confidence, self-portrait.
1	Self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	prefix	prefix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
7	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	confidence	confidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	portrait	portrait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: on a cheque or form, formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yourself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:self:m4:1
# text = Yourself.
1	Yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be your true self.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:self:x1:1
# text = Be your true self.
1	Be	be	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | infinitive | your true self |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After a good sleep she was back to her cheerful self.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:self:x2:1
# text = After a good sleep she was back to her cheerful self.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
7	back	back	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	cheerful	cheerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | she |  |  |  | after a good sleep | to her cheerful self | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wasn't his usual self after the bad news.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:self:x3:1
# text = He wasn't his usual self after the bad news.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	usual	usual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | past | He | his usual self |  |  | after the bad news |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Van Gogh painted many self-portraits.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:self:x4:1
# text = Van Gogh painted many self-portraits.
1	Van	Van	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Gogh	Gogh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	painted	paint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	portraits	portrait	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | past | Van | many self portraits |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent portrait=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use the self-service checkout.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:self:x5:1
# text = Use the self-service checkout.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
3	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	checkout	checkout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | the service checkout |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent checkout=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Practising helps build self-confidence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:self:x6:1
# text = Practising helps build self-confidence.
1	Practising	practise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
4	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	confidence	confidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **practise** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **help** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **build** | infinitive |  | self confidence |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset confidence=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Self-care means looking after your body and mind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:self:x7:1
# text = Self-care means looking after your body and mind.
1	Self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	looking	look	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Self care |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **look** *not said to happen* | gerund | Self care *not said here* |  |  |  | after your body and mind |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Self help is the best help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:self:x8:1
# text = Self help is the best help.
1	Self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Self help | the best help |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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