---
title: sen — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sen» in the school dictionary: A sen is a small coin or money unit in some Asian countries, for example 100 sen make 1 ringgit in Malaysia; in Japan the sen was an old unit, 100 sen to 1 yen. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sen

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sen, 100 sen, Sen., sweet, hundred sen, you · **What happens:** be, make, write, cost, count, speak · **To what, where:** small coin, 1 ringgit, Malaysia, old unit, Japan, member · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sen» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sen in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sen.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sen is a small coin or money unit in some Asian countries, for example 100 sen make 1 ringgit in Malaysia; in Japan the sen was an old unit, 100 sen to 1 yen.

<!-- fold The tree, 35 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sen:m1:1
# text = A sen is a small coin or money unit in some Asian countries, for example 100 sen make 1 ringgit in Malaysia; in Japan the sen was an old unit, 100 sen to 1 yen.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sen	sen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	coin	coin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	unit	unit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	13	det	_	_
12	Asian	Asian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
17	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	sen	sen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
20	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	ringgit	ringgit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Malaysia	Malaysia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	sen	sen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
29	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
30	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	unit	unit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	35	nummod	_	_
35	sen	sen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	appos	_	_
36	to	to	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	38	nummod	_	_
38	yen	yen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sen | a small coin or money unit in some Asian countries and a old unit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | 100 sen | 1 ringgit |  | Malaysia |  | for example | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent ringgit=Product for example=Asset |
| 3 | **is a** | past | the sen | a old unit |  | Japan |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Sen.» is short for «Senator», a member of a senate, written before a name, for example in the USA.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sen:m2:1
# text = «Sen.» is short for «Senator», a member of a senate, written before a name, for example in the USA.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sen.	Sen.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Senator	Senator	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	member	member	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	senate	senate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
18	before	before	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Sen. |  |  |  |  | for Senator; short *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | participle |  | a member of a senate *not said here* |  |  | before a name | for example in the USA | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for example=Beneficiary |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«sen» can also be a piece of a longer word or a name.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sen:m3:1
# text = «sen» can also be a piece of a longer word or a name.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	sen	sen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	longer	long	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | sen | a piece |  |  |  | of a longer word or a name | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In some dialect speech, sen is written for send.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sen:m4:1
# text = In some dialect speech, sen is written for send.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
3	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	sen	sen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	send	send	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present · passive |  | sen |  | some dialect speech |  | for send | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in speech=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Malaysia a sweet costs 50 sen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sen:x1:1
# text = In Malaysia a sweet costs 50 sen.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Malaysia	Malaysia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sweet	sweet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	sen.	sen.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | a sweet | 50 sen. |  | Malaysia |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme sen.=Value |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One hundred sen make one ringgit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sen:x2:1
# text = One hundred sen make one ringgit.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	compound	_	_
2	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	sen	sen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	ringgit	ringgit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | hundred sen | one ringgit |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ringgit=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old Japanese coins were counted in sen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sen:x3:1
# text = Old Japanese coins were counted in sen.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	counted	count	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sen.	Sen.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | past · passive |  | Old Japanese coins |  | sen. |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sen. Smith spoke in the Senate today.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sen:x4:1
# text = Sen. Smith spoke in the Senate today.
1	Sen.	Sen.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Smith	Smith	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Senate	Senate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Sen. |  |  | the Senate | today |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Count the coins: 20 sen plus 30 sen is 50 sen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sen:x5:1
# text = Count the coins: 20 sen plus 30 sen is 50 sen.
1	Count	count	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	sen	sen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
7	plus	plus	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	sen	sen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	sen.	sen.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the coins | 50 sen. |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the news, «Sen.» means «Senator».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sen:x6:1
# text = In the news, «Sen.» means «Senator».
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Sen.	Sen.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Senator	Senator	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Sen. | Senator |  |  |  | in the news | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot senator=Theme in news=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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