---
title: seneca — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «seneca» in the school dictionary: Seneca was a Roman thinker and writer (about 4 BC – AD 65), a Stoic philosopher who wrote letters about living wisely and calmly, and was a teacher of the emperor Nero. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# seneca

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Seneca, Stoic philosopher, rights, Seneca Falls, Seneca people · **What happens:** be, write, live, meet, take, call · **To what, where:** Roman thinker, letters, teacher, place, 1848, Roman philosopher · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«seneca» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [seneca in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/seneca.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seneca was a Roman thinker and writer (about 4 BC – AD 65), a Stoic philosopher who wrote letters about living wisely and calmly, and was a teacher of the emperor Nero.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seneca:m1:1
# text = Seneca was a Roman thinker and writer (about 4 BC – AD 65), a Stoic philosopher who wrote letters about living wisely and calmly, and was a teacher of the emperor Nero.
1	Seneca	Seneca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	thinker	thinker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	about	about	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	BC	BC	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
12	–	-	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	AD	ad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	65	65	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	Stoic	stoic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	philosopher	philosopher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
21	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
22	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
23	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
24	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	21	advcl	_	_
25	wisely	wisely	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	calmly	calmly	ADV	RB	_	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	cop	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
36	Nero	Nero	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Seneca | a Roman thinker and writer and a teacher |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | past | a Stoic philosopher | letters |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Theme |
| 3 | **live** | gerund | a Stoic philosopher *not said here* |  |  |  |  | wisely *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is a** | past | Seneca *not said here* | a teacher |  |  |  | of the emperor | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Seneca are a Native American (First Nations) people of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy in New York State and Ontario; also their language.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seneca:m2:1
# text = The Seneca are a Native American (First Nations) people of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy in New York State and Ontario; also their language.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Seneca	Seneca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	First	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	amod	_	_
9	Nations	Nation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
14	Haudenosaunee	Haudenosaunee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	Iroquois	Iroquois	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	_
18	Confederacy	confederacy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	flat	_	_
21	York	York	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	State	State	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	flat	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	Ontario	Ontario	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
26	also	also	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
27	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Seneca |  |  |  |  | First Nations and people of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy in New York and Ontario *obl*; american *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seneca Falls, a town in New York, where a famous women's rights meeting took place in 1848.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seneca:m3:1
# text = Seneca Falls, a town in New York, where a famous women's rights meeting took place in 1848.
1	Seneca	Seneca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Falls	Falls	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	_
8	York	York	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
10	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	16	advmod	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	rights	right	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	meeting	meet	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
17	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	1848	1848	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | gerund | a famous women's rights |  |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **take** | past | Seneca Falls and a town in New York | place |  | 1848 |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent place=Value in 1848=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seneca was a Roman philosopher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seneca:x1:1
# text = Seneca was a Roman philosopher.
1	Seneca	Seneca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	philosopher	philosopher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Seneca | a Roman philosopher |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seneca wrote letters to his friend Lucilius about living well.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seneca:x2:1
# text = Seneca wrote letters to his friend Lucilius about living well.
1	Seneca	Seneca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	Lucilius	Lucilius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
8	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
10	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Seneca | letters | Seneca's friend |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent letter=Topic to friend=Recipient |
| 2 | **live** | gerund | Seneca *not said here* |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Seneca people live in New York State.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seneca:x3:1
# text = The Seneca people live in New York State.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Seneca	Seneca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	flat	_	_
7	York	York	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	State	State	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | the Seneca people |  |  | York State |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in state=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Seneca are one of the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seneca:x4:1
# text = The Seneca are one of the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Seneca	Seneca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	Nations	Nation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Haudenosaunee	Haudenosaunee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Seneca | one |  |  |  | of the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Seneca Falls meeting called for women's right to vote.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seneca:x5:1
# text = The Seneca Falls meeting called for women's right to vote.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Seneca	Seneca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Falls	Falls	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	compound	_	_
4	meeting	meeting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	right	right	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	vote	vote	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle |  | the Falls meeting *not said here* |  |  |  | for women's right | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for right=Recipient |
| 2 | **vote** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Seneca was a teacher of the emperor Nero.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:seneca:x6:1
# text = Seneca was a teacher of the emperor Nero.
1	Seneca	Seneca	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	Nero	Nero	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Seneca | a teacher |  |  |  | of the emperor | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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