---
title: sentinel — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sentinel» in the school dictionary: A soldier or guard whose job is to watch for danger; a sentry. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sentinel

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** job, tree, sentinel, old oak, Canaries, lighthouse · **What happens:** be, stand, watch, use, give, shout · **To what, where:** place, sentinel, hill, early warning, castle wall, village

<!-- .vabout -->
«sentinel» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sentinel in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sentinel.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A soldier or guard whose job is to watch for danger; a sentry.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sentinel:m1:1
# text = A soldier or guard whose job is to watch for danger; a sentry.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	guard	guard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	watch	watch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	sentry	sentry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | job |  |  |  |  | for danger; watch *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something that stands like a guard or watches over a place: a tree standing sentinel on a hill.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sentinel:m2:1
# text = Something that stands like a guard or watches over a place: a tree standing sentinel on a hill.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	guard	guard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	watches	watch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	_
15	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
16	sentinel	sentinel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present |  |  |  |  |  | like a guard | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **watch** | present |  |  |  | a place |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over place=Location |
| 3 | **stand** | gerund | a tree *not said here* | sentinel |  | a hill |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sentinel=Theme on hill=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science, medicine — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something used to give early warning: a sentinel species (like canaries in coal mines) or a sentinel node.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sentinel:m3:1
# text = Something used to give early warning: a sentinel species (like canaries in coal mines) or a sentinel node.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	sentinel	sentinel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	canaries	canary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	appos	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	mines	mine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	sentinel	sentinel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	node	node	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **give** | to-infinitive |  | early warning and a sentinel species or a sentinel node |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warning=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sentinel stood on the castle wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sentinel:x1:1
# text = A sentinel stood on the castle wall.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sentinel	sentinel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | a sentinel |  |  | the castle wall |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on wall=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old oak stood sentinel over the village.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sentinel:x2:1
# text = The old oak stood sentinel over the village.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	sentinel	sentinel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | the old oak | sentinel |  | the village |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sentinel=Theme over village=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sentinel shouted a warning when he saw the enemy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sentinel:x3:1
# text = The sentinel shouted a warning when he saw the enemy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sentinel	sentinel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shouted	shout	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	warning	warning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shout** *speech: express* | past | the sentinel | a warning |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent warning=Topic |
| 2 | **see** | past | sentinel | the enemy |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer enemy=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Canaries were once sentinels for gas in coal mines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sentinel:x4:1
# text = Canaries were once sentinels for gas in coal mines.
1	Canaries	canary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	4	advmod	_	_
4	sentinels	sentinel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	mines	mine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Canaries | sentinels |  | coal mines |  | for gas; once *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lighthouse is a lonely sentinel by the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sentinel:x5:1
# text = The lighthouse is a lonely sentinel by the sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lighthouse	lighthouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	lonely	lonely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sentinel	sentinel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the lighthouse | a lonely sentinel |  |  |  | by the sea | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Robots act as sentinels in the sci-fi film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sentinel:x6:1
# text = Robots act as sentinels in the sci-fi film.
1	Robots	robot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	act	act	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	sentinels	sentinel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	sci	sci	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	fi	fi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **act** | present | Robots |  |  | the fi film |  | as sentinels | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as sentinel=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At each castle stood little princes acting as sentinels.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sentinel:x7:1
# text = At each castle stood little princes acting as sentinels.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
4	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	acting	act	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sentinels	sentinel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past |  | little princes |  | each castle |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent prince=Theme at castle=Destination |
| 2 | **act** | gerund | little princes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as sentinels | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as sentinel=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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