---
title: sepal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sepal» in the school dictionary: A sepal is one of the small, usually green, leaf-like parts under the petals of a flower that protect the bud before it opens. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sepal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sepal, flower, sepals, you, rose, bud · **What happens:** be, protect, open, label, have, fold back · **To what, where:** one, bud, flower bud, petals, diagram, five green sepals

<!-- .vabout -->
«sepal» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sepal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sepal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sepal is one of the small, usually green, leaf-like parts under the petals of a flower that protect the bud before it opens.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sepal:m1:1
# text = A sepal is one of the small, usually green, leaf-like parts under the petals of a flower that protect the bud before it opens.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sepal	sepal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
12	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
16	under	under	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	petals	petal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nmod	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
23	protect	protect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	bud	bud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
26	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	opens	open	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sepal | one |  |  |  | of the small like parts under the petals of a flower | tree rules |
| 2 | **protect** | present | a flower | the bud |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bud=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **open** | present | sepal |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sepals protect the flower bud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sepal:x1:1
# text = The sepals protect the flower bud.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sepals	sepal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	protect	protect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	bud	bud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present | the sepals | the flower bud |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bud=Beneficiary |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Label the petals and sepals on the diagram.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sepal:x2:1
# text = Label the petals and sepals on the diagram.
1	Label	label	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	petals	petal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	sepals	sepal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	diagram	diagram	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **label** | imperative | you *not said here* | the petals and sepals |  | the diagram |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent petal=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rose has five green sepals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sepal:x3:1
# text = A rose has five green sepals.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rose	rose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sepals	sepal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a rose | five green sepals |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sepal=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When the bud opens, the sepals fold back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sepal:x4:1
# text = When the bud opens, the sepals fold back.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bud	bud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	opens	open	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sepals	sepal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	fold	fold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	back	back	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | present | the bud |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fold back** | present | the sepals |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Count the sepals: there are 5.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sepal:x5:1
# text = Count the sepals: there are 5.
1	Count	count	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sepals	sepal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
6	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
7	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | imperative | you *not said here* | the sepals |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sepal=Theme |
| 2 | **be** | present | 5 |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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