---
title: serenade — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «serenade» in the school dictionary: A serenade is a song sung softly at night, often under a loved one's window. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# serenade

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** serenade, someone, bird, lover, winged songster, boy · **What happens:** be, sing, love, play, serenade, wing · **To what, where:** song, window, music, them, way, flowers

<!-- .vabout -->
«serenade» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [serenade in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/serenade.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A serenade is a song sung softly at night, often under a loved one's window.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:serenade:m1:1
# text = A serenade is a song sung softly at night, often under a loved one's window.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	serenade	serenade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	sung	sing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	softly	softly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
11	often	often	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
12	under	under	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	loved	love	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a serenade | a song |  | a loved one's window |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | participle |  | a song *not said here* |  |  | night | softly *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **love** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To serenade someone is to sing or play music to them in this way.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:serenade:m2:1
# text = To serenade someone is to sing or play music to them in this way.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	serenade	serenade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
9	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	14	det	_	_
14	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | someone |  |  |  |  | sing *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **play** | infinitive | someone *not said here* | music | them *= they* | this way |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent music=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a tale, a bird that sings sweetly to flowers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:serenade:m3:1
# text = In a tale, a bird that sings sweetly to flowers.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	sings	sing	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	sweetly	sweetly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | a bird |  | flowers |  |  | sweetly *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to flower=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lover serenaded her under the moon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:serenade:x1:1
# text = The lover serenaded her under the moon.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lover	lover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	serenaded	serenade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	moon	moon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serenade** | past | the lover | her *= she* |  | the moon |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The winged songster serenades the fragrant flowers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:serenade:x2:1
# text = The winged songster serenades the fragrant flowers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	winged	wing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	songster	songster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	serenades	serenade	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	fragrant	fragrant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wing** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **serenade** | present | the winged songster | the fragrant flowers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every night the boy serenaded his lady with his guitar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:serenade:x3:1
# text = Every night the boy serenaded his lady with his guitar.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	serenaded	serenade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	guitar	guitar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serenade** | past | the boy | boy's lady |  |  | night | with boy's guitar | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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