---
title: sever — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sever» in the school dictionary: To cut right through something, separating it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/sever/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [S](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/) / sever

# sever

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sharp rock, storm, two countries, you, He, axe · **What happens:** cut, separate, end, sever, not touch, raise · **To what, where:** it, relationship, rope, power line, ties, severed cable

<!-- .vabout -->
«sever» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sever in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sever.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cut right through something, separating it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sever:m1:1
# text = To cut right through something, separating it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	right	right	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	separating	separate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | through something; right *property* | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent through something=Patient |
| 2 | **separate** | gerund |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn separate-23.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To end a relationship or connection completely: «sever ties».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sever:m2:1
# text = To end a relationship or connection completely: «sever ties».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	end	end	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	relationship	relationship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	connection	connection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	sever	sever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	ties	tie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **end** | to-infinitive |  | a relationship or connection |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality relationship=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rope was severed by a sharp rock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sever:x1:1
# text = The rope was severed by a sharp rock.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rope	rope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	severed	sever	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sever** | past · passive | a sharp rock | the rope |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm severed the power line.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sever:x2:1
# text = The storm severed the power line.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	severed	sever	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sever** | past | the storm | the power line |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The two countries severed ties.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sever:x3:1
# text = The two countries severed ties.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	severed	sever	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	ties	tie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sever** | past | the two countries | ties |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tie=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't touch a severed cable.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sever:x4:1
# text = Don't touch a severed cable.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	touch	touch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	severed	sever	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	cable	cable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **touch** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | a severed cable |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cable=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **sever** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn separate-23.1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He severed his friendship with the bully.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sever:x5:1
# text = He severed his friendship with the bully.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	severed	sever	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bully	bully	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sever** | past | He | his friendship |  |  |  | with the bully | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friendship=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The axe severed the branch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sever:x6:1
# text = The axe severed the branch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	axe	axe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	severed	sever	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	branch	branch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sever** | past | the axe | the branch |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent branch=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Childe raised his shining sword, and severed the head of his faithful hound.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sever:x7:1
# text = The Childe raised his shining sword, and severed the head of his faithful hound.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Childe	Childe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	shining	shining	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	severed	sever	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
14	faithful	faithful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	hound	hound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | past | the Childe | Childe's shining sword |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme |
| 2 | **sever** | past | the Childe *not said here* | the head of Childe's faithful hound |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [seventy](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/seventy/)
- next →: [several](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/several/)
- ↑ back to [S in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/)