---
title: shah — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «shah» in the school dictionary: The title of the king of Iran (Persia) in the past. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# shah

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Shah, last shah, Checkmate, Persian words, surname · **What happens:** title, use, be, rule, leave, listen · **To what, where:** king, past, title, common family name, South Asia, palace · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«shah» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [shah in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/shah.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The title of the king of Iran (Persia) in the past.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shah:m1:1
# text = The title of the king of Iran (Persia) in the past.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Iran	Iran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	Persia	Persia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **title** |  |  | the king of Iran |  | the past |  |  | nom title «communication transitive»: of=patient in=place |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A title used by some rulers in other lands such as Afghanistan and in old India.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shah:m2:1
# text = A title used by some rulers in other lands such as Afghanistan and in old India.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
6	rulers	ruler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	Afghanistan	Afghanistan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	India	India	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | a title *not said here* |  |  |  | by some rulers in other lands such Afghanistan and old India | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shah is also a common family name in South Asia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shah:m3:1
# text = Shah is also a common family name in South Asia.
1	Shah	Shah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Shah | a common family name |  | South Asia |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Shah of Iran ruled from a palace in Tehran.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shah:x1:1
# text = The Shah of Iran ruled from a palace in Tehran.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Shah	Shah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Iran	Iran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	ruled	rule	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Tehran	Tehran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rule** | past | the Shah of Iran |  |  | a palace in Tehran |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The last shah left Iran during a revolution.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shah:x2:1
# text = The last shah left Iran during a revolution.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shah	shah	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Iran	Iran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	revolution	revolution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | the last shah | Iran |  |  | during a revolution |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent iran=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the old Persian story, the shah listened to a thousand tales.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shah:x3:1
# text = In the old Persian story, the shah listened to a thousand tales.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	Persian	persian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shah	shah	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	listened	listen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	tales	tale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | past | the shah |  |  |  |  | to thousand tales; in the old Persian story | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in story=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Checkmate" comes from Persian words meaning "the shah is helpless".

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shah:x4:1
# text = "Checkmate" comes from Persian words meaning "the shah is helpless".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Checkmate	checkmate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Persian	persian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	shah	shah	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	helpless	helpless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Checkmate |  |  | Persian words |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from word=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund | Persian words *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the shah |  |  |  |  | helpless *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our new classmate's surname is Shah.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shah:x5:1
# text = Our new classmate's surname is Shah.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	classmate	classmate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	surname	surname	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	Shah	Shah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Our new classmate's surname | Shah |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shah wore a jewelled crown.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shah:x6:1
# text = The shah wore a jewelled crown.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shah	shah	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	jewelled	jewell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	crown	crown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the shah | a jewelled crown |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent crown=Theme |
| 2 | **jewell** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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