---
title: shank — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «shank» in the school dictionary: The shank is the lower part of a leg, between the knee and the ankle. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# shank

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** shank, Bony shanks, knight, Mum, legs · **What happens:** be, sort, hurt, fall, cook, call · **To what, where:** lower part, cut, thin legged creature, witch, shank, lamb shank · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«shank» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [shank in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/shank.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shank is the lower part of a leg, between the knee and the ankle.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shank:m1:1
# text = The shank is the lower part of a leg, between the knee and the ankle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shank	shank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	ankle	ankle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the shank | the lower part |  |  |  | of a leg | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shank is a cut of meat from that part of an animal's leg, such as a lamb shank.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shank:m2:1
# text = A shank is a cut of meat from that part of an animal's leg, such as a lamb shank.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shank	shank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cut	cut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	21	case	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	lamb	lamb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	shank	shank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a shank | a cut |  |  |  | of meat from that part of a animal's leg | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old use, in fairy tales — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A «Bony-shanks» is a thin, bony-legged creature, a sort of witch or giant.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shank:m3:1
# text = A «Bony-shanks» is a thin, bony-legged creature, a sort of witch or giant.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	shanks	shank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
9	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	legged	legged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	creature	creature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sort	sort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Bony shanks | a thin legged creature |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sort** |  |  | witch or giant |  |  |  |  | nom sort «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knight hurt his shank when he fell from the horse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shank:x1:1
# text = The knight hurt his shank when he fell from the horse.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	shank	shank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | past | the knight | knight's shank |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shank=Patient |
| 2 | **fall** | past | knight |  |  |  |  | from the horse | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from horse=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum cooked a lamb shank with carrots for supper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shank:x2:1
# text = Mum cooked a lamb shank with carrots for supper.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cooked	cook	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	lamb	lamb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	shank	shank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	carrots	carrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	supper	supper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cook** | past | Mum | a lamb shank |  |  |  | with carrots; for supper | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent shank=Patient with carrot=Instrument |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old woman was called Bony-shanks because her legs were so thin.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shank:x3:1
# text = The old woman was called Bony-shanks because her legs were so thin.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	Bony	bony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	shanks	shank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	xcomp	_	_
9	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | past · passive |  | the old woman |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | past | woman's legs |  |  |  |  | thin *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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