---
title: sharply — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sharply» in the school dictionary: Sharply means suddenly and by a lot, like a road that turns sharply or prices that rise sharply. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sharply

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sharply, road, prices, picture, temperature, teacher · **What happens:** mean, turn, rise, speak, be, bend · **To what, where:** focus, left, spider, blue sky · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sharply» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sharply in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sharply.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sharply means suddenly and by a lot, like a road that turns sharply or prices that rise sharply.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sharply:m1:1
# text = Sharply means suddenly and by a lot, like a road that turns sharply or prices that rise sharply.
1	Sharply	sharply	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	rise	rise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
19	sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Sharply |  |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **turn** | present | a road |  |  |  |  | sharply *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **rise** | present | prices |  |  |  |  | sharply *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sharply means in an angry or strict way, like speaking sharply to someone.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sharply:m2:1
# text = Sharply means in an angry or strict way, like speaking sharply to someone.
1	Sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	strict	strict	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
12	sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | in a angry way; sharply *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in way=Attribute |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to someone; sharply *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to someone=Co-Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sharply means very clearly, like a picture that is sharply in focus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sharply:m3:1
# text = Sharply means very clearly, like a picture that is sharply in focus.
1	Sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	focus	focus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | clearly, sharply *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | a picture |  |  | focus |  | sharply *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sharply can mean with a sharp point or edge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sharply:m4:1
# text = Sharply can mean with a sharp point or edge.
1	Sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  | with a sharp point or edge; sharply *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The road bends sharply to the left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sharply:x1:1
# text = The road bends sharply to the left.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bends	bend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	left	left	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | present | the road |  |  | the left |  | sharply *property* | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to left=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The temperature dropped sharply at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sharply:x2:1
# text = The temperature dropped sharply at night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dropped	drop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drop** | past | the temperature |  |  |  | night | sharply *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Sit down!» the teacher said sharply.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sharply:x3:1
# text = «Sit down!» the teacher said sharply.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit down** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | past | the teacher |  |  |  |  | sharply *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The line on the graph goes up sharply.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sharply:x4:1
# text = The line on the graph goes up sharply.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | present | the line on the graph |  |  |  |  | sharply *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She breathed in sharply when she saw the spider.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sharply:x5:1
# text = She breathed in sharply when she saw the spider.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	breathed	breathe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	2	obl	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	spider	spider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | past | she | the spider |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer spider=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mountains stood out sharply against the blue sky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sharply:x6:1
# text = The mountains stood out sharply against the blue sky.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand out** | past | the mountains |  |  | the blue sky |  | sharply *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent against sky=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Prices rose sharply after the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sharply:x7:1
# text = Prices rose sharply after the storm.
1	Prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | past | Prices |  |  |  | after the storm | sharply *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He turned sharply and ran back home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sharply:x8:1
# text = He turned sharply and ran back home.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	back	back	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	home	home	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | He |  |  |  |  | sharply *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **run back** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Certainly not," said the cockatrice sharply.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sharply:x9:1
# text = "Certainly not," said the cockatrice sharply.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cockatrice	cockatrice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	sharply	sharply	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | past | the cockatrice |  |  |  |  | sharply *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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