---
title: shave — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «shave» in the school dictionary: To cut hair off very close to the skin with a razor, as men do on their face. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# shave

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** men, you, Dad, Grandpa, That, car · **What happens:** cut, do, avoid, shave, shave off, be · **To what, where:** hair, face, thin pieces, danger, chocolate, beard

<!-- .vabout -->
«shave» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [shave in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/shave.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cut hair off very close to the skin with a razor, as men do on their face.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shave:m1:1
# text = To cut hair off very close to the skin with a razor, as men do on their face.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	razor	razor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | to-infinitive |  | hair |  |  |  | close *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hair=Product |
| 2 | **do** | present | men |  |  | men's face |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cut very thin pieces off something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shave:m2:1
# text = To cut very thin pieces off something.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	off	off	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | to-infinitive |  | thin pieces |  |  |  | off something | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent piece=Patient off something=Co-Patient |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"shave chocolate".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shave:m2e:1
# text = "shave chocolate".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	shave	shave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shave** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* | chocolate |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chocolate=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A close shave: when you only just avoid danger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shave:m3:1
# text = A close shave: when you only just avoid danger.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shave	shave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	just	just	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
10	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avoid** | infinitive | you | danger |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent danger=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad shaves every morning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shave:x1:1
# text = Dad shaves every morning.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shaves	shave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shave** | present | Dad |  |  |  | morning |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa shaved off his beard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shave:x2:1
# text = Grandpa shaved off his beard.
1	Grandpa	grandpa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shaved	shave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shave off** | participle | Grandpa | Grandpa's beard |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That was a close shave: the car nearly hit us!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shave:x3:1
# text = That was a close shave: the car nearly hit us!
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	shave	shave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
11	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | That | a close shave |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hit** | past | the car | us |  |  |  | nearly *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme we=Co-Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shave some chocolate onto the cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shave:x4:1
# text = Shave some chocolate onto the cake.
1	Shave	shave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shave** | imperative | you *not said here* | some chocolate |  | the cake |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chocolate=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He needs a shave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shave:x5:1
# text = He needs a shave.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	shave	shave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | He | a shave |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot shave=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some people shave their heads for charity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shave:x6:1
# text = Some people shave their heads for charity.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shave	shave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	charity	charity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shave** | present | some people | people's heads |  |  |  | for charity | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The carpenter shaved a bit off the door so it would close.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shave:x7:1
# text = The carpenter shaved a bit off the door so it would close.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	carpenter	carpenter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shaved	shave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	off	off	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	close	close	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shave** | past | the carpenter | a bit |  | the door |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent off door=Source |
| 2 | **close** | would | carpenter |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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