---
title: shaving — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «shaving» in the school dictionary: The act of cutting hair off close to the skin with a razor. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# shaving

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** act, Shavings, Dad, you, hamster, Shaving foam · **What happens:** cut, be, cut off, sharpen, shave, empty · **To what, where:** hair, thin curly pieces, pencil, bathroom, pencil shavings, bin

<!-- .vabout -->
«shaving» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [shaving in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/shaving.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of cutting hair off close to the skin with a razor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shaving:m1:1
# text = The act of cutting hair off close to the skin with a razor.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	off	off	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	razor	razor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | gerund | the act *not said here* | hair |  |  |  | close *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hair=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shavings are very thin curly pieces cut off wood or other things, for example when sharpening a pencil.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shaving:m2:1
# text = Shavings are very thin curly pieces cut off wood or other things, for example when sharpening a pencil.
1	Shavings	shaving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	curly	curly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
16	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
17	sharpening	sharpen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	acl	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Shavings | thin curly pieces and cut wood or other things |  |  |  | for example | tree rules |
| 2 | **cut off** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **sharpen** | gerund |  | a pencil |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent pencil=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad is shaving in the bathroom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shaving:x1:1
# text = Dad is shaving in the bathroom.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	shaving	shave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bathroom	bathroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shave** | present · progressive | Dad |  |  | the bathroom |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Empty the pencil shavings into the bin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shaving:x2:1
# text = Empty the pencil shavings into the bin.
1	Empty	empty	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	shavings	shaving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bin	bin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **empty** | imperative | you *not said here* | the pencil shavings |  | the bin |  |  | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP PP.source PP.destination»: agent=Agent shaving=Theme into bin=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hamster sleeps in wood shavings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shaving:x3:1
# text = The hamster sleeps in wood shavings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hamster	hamster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sleeps	sleep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	shavings	shaving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sleep** | present | the hamster |  |  | wood shavings |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in shaving=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shaving foam looks like whipped cream.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shaving:x4:1
# text = Shaving foam looks like whipped cream.
1	Shaving	shave	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	amod	_	_
2	foam	foam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	whipped	whip	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shave** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **look** | present | Shaving foam |  |  |  |  | like whipped cream | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **whip** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-1-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plane made long curly shavings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shaving:x5:1
# text = The plane made long curly shavings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
5	curly	curly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	shavings	shaving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the plane | curly shavings |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset shaving=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We sprinkled chocolate shavings on top.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shaving:x6:1
# text = We sprinkled chocolate shavings on top.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sprinkled	sprinkle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	shavings	shaving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sprinkle** | past | We | chocolate shavings |  | top |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent shaving=Theme on top=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He cut himself while shaving.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shaving:x7:1
# text = He cut himself while shaving.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	shaving	shave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | past | He | himself *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Product |
| 2 | **shave** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He searched among the shavings--no one!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shaving:x8:1
# text = He searched among the shavings--no one!
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	searched	search	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	among	among	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shavings	shaving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **search** | past | He |  |  | the shavings |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent among shaving=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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