---
title: sheaf — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sheaf» in the school dictionary: A sheaf is a bundle of stalks of wheat, barley or other grain, tied together after cutting at harvest. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sheaf

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sheaf, farmer, Bible, sheaves, Mr, baker · **What happens:** be, tie, cut, dream, bow down, stand · **To what, where:** bundle, thick pile, wheat, Joseph, sheaf, harvest festival · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sheaf» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sheaf in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sheaf.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sheaf is a bundle of stalks of wheat, barley or other grain, tied together after cutting at harvest.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sheaf:m1:1
# text = A sheaf is a bundle of stalks of wheat, barley or other grain, tied together after cutting at harvest.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sheaf	sheaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bundle	bundle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	stalks	stalk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	wheat	wheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	barley	barley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	tied	tie	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
17	together	together	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	harvest	harvest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sheaf | a bundle |  |  |  | of stalks of wheat and barley or other grain | tree rules |
| 2 | **tie** | participle | a sheaf *not said here* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **cut** | gerund | a sheaf *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at harvest | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at harvest=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sheaf of papers is a thick pile or bundle of papers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sheaf:m2:1
# text = A sheaf of papers is a thick pile or bundle of papers.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sheaf	sheaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	papers	paper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	pile	pile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	bundle	bundle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	papers	paper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sheaf of papers | a thick pile or bundle of papers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer tied the wheat into sheaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sheaf:x1:1
# text = The farmer tied the wheat into sheaves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tied	tie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wheat	wheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sheaves	sheaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tie** | past | the farmer | the wheat |  |  |  | into sheaves | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent wheat=Patient into sheaf=Co-Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(Bible) Joseph dreamed that his brothers' sheaves bowed down to his.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sheaf:x2:1
# text = (Bible) Joseph dreamed that his brothers' sheaves bowed down to his.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	dreamed	dream	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	'	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	sheaves	sheaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	bowed	bow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
12	down	down	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dream** | past | Bible |  |  |  |  |  | vn cognize-85 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **bow down** | past | Joseph's brothers's sheaves | Joseph |  |  |  | down *property* | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent his=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sheaf of corn stood by the altar at the harvest festival.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sheaf:x3:1
# text = A sheaf of corn stood by the altar at the harvest festival.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sheaf	sheaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	corn	corn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	stood	stand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	altar	altar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	harvest	harvest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	festival	festival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | participle |  | a sheaf of corn *not said here* |  | the harvest festival |  | by the altar | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by altar=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mr Lee came in carrying a sheaf of test papers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sheaf:x4:1
# text = Mr Lee came in carrying a sheaf of test papers.
1	Mr	Mr	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Lee	Lee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sheaf	sheaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	papers	paper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Mr |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **carry** | gerund | Mr *not said here* | a sheaf of test papers |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheaf=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the old days, sheaves were stacked in the field to dry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sheaf:x5:1
# text = In the old days, sheaves were stacked in the field to dry.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	sheaves	sheaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	stacked	stack	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	dry	dry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stack** | past · passive |  | sheaves |  | the field | day |  | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in field=Destination |
| 2 | **dry** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The baker made a loaf shaped like a sheaf of wheat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sheaf:x6:1
# text = The baker made a loaf shaped like a sheaf of wheat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baker	baker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	loaf	loaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sheaf	sheaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	wheat	wheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the baker | a loaf |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset loaf=Product |
| 2 | **shape** | participle |  | a loaf *not said here* |  |  |  | like a sheaf of wheat | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Why, every one of his sheaves gave him a peck of grain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sheaf:x7:1
# text = Why, every one of his sheaves gave him a peck of grain.
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	sheaves	sheaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	iobj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	peck	peck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	grain	grain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | every one of his sheaves | a peck of grain | him *= he* |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient peck=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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