---
title: shedding — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «shedding» in the school dictionary: Present participle of «shed»: losing hair, skin or leaves naturally. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# shedding

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Present participle, something, lorry, dog, trees, snake · **What happens:** lose, leave, let, fall, flow, shed · **To what, where:** tears, weight, jobs, load, road, hair

<!-- .vabout -->
«shedding» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [shedding in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/shedding.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Present participle of «shed»: losing hair, skin or leaves naturally.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shedding:m1:1
# text = Present participle of «shed»: losing hair, skin or leaves naturally.
1	Present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	participle	participle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	shed	shed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
9	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	leaves	leave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	naturally	naturally	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **leave** | present | Present participle of shed |  |  |  |  | naturally *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Letting something fall or flow: «shedding tears».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shedding:m2:1
# text = Letting something fall or flow: «shedding tears».
1	Letting	let	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	flow	flow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	shedding	shed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
9	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fall** | infinitive | something |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **flow** | infinitive | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **shed** *in a quote* | gerund |  | tears |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tear=Source |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Getting rid of something unwanted: «shedding weight», «shedding jobs».

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shedding:m3:1
# text = Getting rid of something unwanted: «shedding weight», «shedding jobs».
1	Getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	0	root	_	_
2	rid	rid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
5	unwanted	unwanted	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	shedding	shed	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
9	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	shedding	shed	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
14	jobs	job	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | rid *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **shed** *in a quote* | gerund |  | weight |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location weight=Source |
| 3 | **shed** *in a quote* | gerund |  | jobs |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location job=Source |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dropping its load on a road: «a lorry shedding its load».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shedding:m4:1
# text = Dropping its load on a road: «a lorry shedding its load».
1	Dropping	drop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	load	load	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	lorry	lorry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	shedding	shed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	load	load	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drop** | gerund |  | its load |  | a road |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent load=Theme on road=Destination |
| 2 | **shed** *in a quote* | gerund | a lorry | lorry's load |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location load=Source |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our dog is shedding hair all over the sofa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shedding:x1:1
# text = Our dog is shedding hair all over the sofa.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	shedding	shed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	all	all	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shed** | present · progressive | Our dog | hair |  | the sofa |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location hair=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The trees are shedding their leaves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shedding:x2:1
# text = The trees are shedding their leaves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	shedding	shed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shed** | present · progressive | the trees | trees's leaves |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location leaf=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A snake was shedding its old skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shedding:x3:1
# text = A snake was shedding its old skin.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	snake	snake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	shedding	shed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shed** | past · progressive | a snake | snake's old skin |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location skin=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was shedding tears of joy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shedding:x4:1
# text = She was shedding tears of joy.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	shedding	shed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shed** | past · progressive | She | tears of joy |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tear=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This book sheds light on the Tudors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shedding:x5:1
# text = This book sheds light on the Tudors.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sheds	shed	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Tudors	tudor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shed** | present | this book | light |  | the Tudors |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location light=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The company is shedding jobs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shedding:x6:1
# text = The company is shedding jobs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	shedding	shed	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	jobs	job	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shed** | present · progressive | the company | jobs |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location job=Source |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When he entered his hut he found his wife, who had somehow heard the news, twisting herself to and fro and shedding tears.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shedding:x7:1
# text = When he entered his hut he found his wife, who had somehow heard the news, twisting herself to and fro and shedding tears.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	entered	enter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	hut	hut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	somehow	somehow	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	acl:relcl	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	twisting	twist	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	parataxis	_	_
19	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	18	obj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	fro	fro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	shedding	shedding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enter** | past | he | his hut |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme hut=Destination |
| 2 | **find** | past | he | his wife |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wife=Topic |
| 3 | **hear** | past · perfect | his wife | the news |  |  |  | somehow *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer news=Stimulus |
| 4 | **twist** | gerund |  | wife |  | fro and shedding tears |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent herself=Theme to fro=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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