---
title: shepherd — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «shepherd» in the school dictionary: A shepherd is a person whose job is to look after sheep, keeping them safe and moving them to fresh grass. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# shepherd

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** shepherd, job, teacher, German shepherd, sheepdog, shepherd boy · **What happens:** be, keep, move, shepherd, lead, help · **To what, where:** person, sheep, fresh grass, people, children, bus · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«shepherd» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [shepherd in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/shepherd.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shepherd is a person whose job is to look after sheep, keeping them safe and moving them to fresh grass.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shepherd:m1:1
# text = A shepherd is a person whose job is to look after sheep, keeping them safe and moving them to fresh grass.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
11	after	after	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	conj	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a shepherd | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | job |  |  |  | after sheep | look *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **keep** | gerund | job *not said here* | sheep |  |  |  | safe *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 4 | **move** | gerund | job *not said here* | sheep |  | fresh grass |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent they=Theme to grass=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To shepherd people is to guide them carefully somewhere, like a teacher shepherding children onto a bus.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shepherd:m2:1
# text = To shepherd people is to guide them carefully somewhere, like a teacher shepherding children onto a bus.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	shepherd	shepherd	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	guide	guide	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	somewhere	somewhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
14	shepherding	shepherd	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
15	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shepherd** | to-infinitive |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | carefully, guide, somewhere *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **shepherd** | gerund | a teacher *not said here* | children |  | a bus |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent child=Theme onto bus=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A German shepherd is a large kind of dog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shepherd:m3:1
# text = A German shepherd is a large kind of dog.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a German shepherd | a large kind |  |  |  | of dog | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shepherd led the sheep up the hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shepherd:x1:1
# text = The shepherd led the sheep up the hill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | the shepherd | the sheep |  | the hill |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sheep=Theme up hill=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sheepdog helps the shepherd round up the flock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shepherd:x2:1
# text = A sheepdog helps the shepherd round up the flock.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sheepdog	sheepdog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	round	round	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | a sheepdog |  | the shepherd |  |  | up the flock; round *property* | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shepherd=Beneficiary |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the shepherd boy cried «Wolf!» too many times.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shepherd:x3:1
# text = In the story, the shepherd boy cried «Wolf!» too many times.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Wolf	wolf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
13	too	too	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the shepherd boy | Wolf |  | the story | time |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wolf=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher shepherded the class onto the bus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shepherd:x4:1
# text = The teacher shepherded the class onto the bus.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shepherded	shepherd	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shepherd** | past | the teacher | the class |  | the bus |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent class=Theme onto bus=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shepherd counted 40 sheep in the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shepherd:x5:1
# text = The shepherd counted 40 sheep in the field.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	counted	count	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | past | the shepherd | 40 sheep |  | the field |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our neighbour has a German shepherd called Max.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shepherd:x6:1
# text = Our neighbour has a German shepherd called Max.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	Max	Max	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our neighbour | a German shepherd |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shepherd=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | a German shepherd *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shepherd stayed up all night when the lambs were born.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shepherd:x7:1
# text = The shepherd stayed up all night when the lambs were born.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lambs	lamb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay up** | past | the shepherd |  |  |  | night |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **bear** | past · passive |  | the lambs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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