---
title: shingles — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «shingles» in the school dictionary: An illness that causes a painful rash with blisters, usually on one side of the body; it is caused by the same virus as chickenpox waking up again years later. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/shingles/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [S](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/) / shingles

# shingles

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** illness, same virus, other material, Grandad, You, cold · **What happens:** cause, wake up, overlap, cover, have, get · **To what, where:** painful rash, body, roof, shingles, chickenpox, cough

<!-- .vabout -->
«shingles» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [shingles in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/shingles.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An illness that causes a painful rash with blisters, usually on one side of the body; it is caused by the same virus as chickenpox waking up again years later.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shingles:m1:1
# text = An illness that causes a painful rash with blisters, usually on one side of the body; it is caused by the same virus as chickenpox waking up again years later.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	painful	painful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	rash	rash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	blisters	blister	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
22	by	by	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
26	as	as	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	chickenpox	chickenpox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	waking	wake	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	25	acl	_	_
29	up	up	ADP	RP	_	28	compound:prt	_	_
30	again	again	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
31	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obl:unmarked	_	_
32	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	28	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | a illness | a painful rash and one side of the body |  |  |  | with blisters | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition rash=Patient |
| 2 | **cause** | present · passive | the same virus as chickenpox | body |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |
| 3 | **wake up** | gerund | the same virus as chickenpox *not said here* |  |  |  | again | late *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: shingle, UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Small smooth stones on a beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shingles:m2:1
# text = Small smooth stones on a beach.
1	Small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Small flat pieces of wood or other material that overlap to cover a roof or wall.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shingles:m3:1
# text = Small flat pieces of wood or other material that overlap to cover a roof or wall.
1	Small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	overlap	overlap	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	cover	cover	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	advcl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **overlap** | present | other material |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **cover** | to-infinitive | other material *not said here* | a roof or wall |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme roof=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad has shingles and his side is very sore.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shingles:x1:1
# text = Grandad has shingles and his side is very sore.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	shingles	shingle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Grandad | shingles |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shingle=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can only get shingles if you have had chickenpox.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shingles:x2:1
# text = You can only get shingles if you have had chickenpox.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	shingles	shingle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	had	have	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
10	chickenpox	chickenpox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | can | You | shingles |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shingle=Stimulus |
| 2 | **have** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · perfect | you | chickenpox |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chickenpox=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shingles is not caught from someone's cough the way a cold is.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shingles:x3:1
# text = Shingles is not caught from someone's cough the way a cold is.
1	Shingles	shingle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	cough	cough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **catch** | present · passive |  | Shingles |  | someone's cough |  | the way *obl:unmarked* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from cough=Source |
| 2 | **be** | present | a cold | the way *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot way=Theme |
| 3 | **cough** |  | someone |  |  |  |  |  | nom cough «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Brighton beach is covered in shingle, not sand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shingles:x4:1
# text = Brighton beach is covered in shingle, not sand.
1	Brighton	Brighton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	shingle	shingle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present · passive |  | Brighton beach |  |  |  | in shingle and sand | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in shingle=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm blew some shingles off our roof.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shingles:x5:1
# text = The storm blew some shingles off our roof.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	blew	blow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	shingles	shingle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	off	off	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	roof	roof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow** | past | the storm | some shingles |  |  |  | off our roof | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent shingle=Patient off roof=Co-Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shingle crunched under our feet as we walked to the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shingles:x6:1
# text = The shingle crunched under our feet as we walked to the sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shingle	shingle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	crunched	crunch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crunch** | participle |  | the shingle *not said here* |  | our feet |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under foot=Location |
| 2 | **walk** | past | we |  |  |  |  | to the sea *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to sea=Result |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old people can have a vaccine against shingles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shingles:x7:1
# text = Old people can have a vaccine against shingles.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	shingles	shingle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | can | Old people | a vaccine |  |  |  | against shingles | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vaccine=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [shingle](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/shingle/)
- next →: [shininess](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/shininess/)
- ↑ back to [S in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/)