---
title: shinto — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «shinto» in the school dictionary: Shinto is the traditional religion of Japan, in which people honour spirits called kami that are believed to live in nature (mountains, trees, rivers), in places and in ancestors. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# shinto

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Shinto, people, spirits, red torii gate, Shinto followers, Many Japanese families · **What happens:** be, honour, call, believe, live, mark · **To what, where:** traditional religion, spirits, kami, nature, oldest religion, entrance · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«shinto» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [shinto in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/shinto.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: religion — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shinto is the traditional religion of Japan, in which people honour spirits called kami that are believed to live in nature (mountains, trees, rivers), in places and in ancestors.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shinto:m1:1
# text = Shinto is the traditional religion of Japan, in which people honour spirits called kami that are believed to live in nature (mountains, trees, rivers), in places and in ancestors.
1	Shinto	shinto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	traditional	traditional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	religion	religion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	honour	honour	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
13	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	kami	kami	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	xcomp	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	believed	believe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
23	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Shinto | the traditional religion |  |  |  | of Japan | tree rules |
| 2 | **honour** | present | people | spirits |  | the traditional religion |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **call** | participle | spirits *not said here* | kami |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **believe** | present · passive |  | spirits |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **live** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | nature and mountains and trees and rivers |  | in places and ancestors | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in nature=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shinto is the oldest religion of Japan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shinto:x1:1
# text = Shinto is the oldest religion of Japan.
1	Shinto	shinto	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	religion	religion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Shinto | the oldest religion |  |  |  | of Japan | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A red torii gate marks the entrance to a Shinto shrine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shinto:x2:1
# text = A red torii gate marks the entrance to a Shinto shrine.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	torii	torii	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	marks	mark	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	entrance	entrance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Shinto	shinto	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	shrine	shrine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mark** | present | a red torii gate | the entrance |  |  |  | to a Shinto shrine | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent entrance=Theme to shrine=Attribute |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shinto followers believe in spirits called kami.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shinto:x3:1
# text = Shinto followers believe in spirits called kami.
1	Shinto	shinto	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	followers	follower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	kami	kami	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | Shinto followers |  |  | spirits |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **call** | participle | spirits *not said here* | kami |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People wash their hands before praying at a Shinto shrine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shinto:x4:1
# text = People wash their hands before praying at a Shinto shrine.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wash	wash	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	praying	pray	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	advcl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Shinto	shinto	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	shrine	shrine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | present | People | People's hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **pray** | gerund | People *not said here* |  |  | a Shinto shrine |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Japanese families celebrate both Shinto and Buddhist festivals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shinto:x5:1
# text = Many Japanese families celebrate both Shinto and Buddhist festivals.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	celebrate	celebrate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc:preconj	_	_
6	Shinto	Shinto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	Buddhist	buddhist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	festivals	festival	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **celebrate** | present | Many Japanese families | Shinto and Buddhist festivals |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shinto=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mount Fuji is a sacred place in Shinto.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shinto:x6:1
# text = Mount Fuji is a sacred place in Shinto.
1	Mount	Mount	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Fuji	Fuji	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sacred	sacred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Shinto	Shinto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Mount | a sacred place |  | Shinto |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learnt about Shinto in our world religions topic.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shinto:x7:1
# text = We learnt about Shinto in our world religions topic.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learnt	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Shinto	Shinto	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
7	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	religions	religion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	compound	_	_
9	topic	topic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We |  |  | our religions topic |  | about Shinto | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about shinto=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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