---
title: shoe — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «shoe» in the school dictionary: A shoe is something you wear on your foot, with a firm bottom called the sole. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# shoe

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** shoe, you, firm bottom, Shoes, pair, horseshoe · **What happens:** be, wear, call, come, fix, cost · **To what, where:** something, foot, sole, pairs, 2 shoes, curved piece · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«shoe» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [shoe in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/shoe.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shoe is something you wear on your foot, with a firm bottom called the sole.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoe:m1:1
# text = A shoe is something you wear on your foot, with a firm bottom called the sole.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	wear	wear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	firm	firm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
15	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sole	sole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a shoe | something |  |  |  | with a firm bottom | tree rules |
| 2 | **wear** | present | you |  |  | your foot |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **call** | participle | a firm bottom *not said here* | the sole |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sole=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shoes come in pairs: a pair is 2 shoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoe:m2:1
# text = Shoes come in pairs: a pair is 2 shoes.
1	Shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	pairs	pair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Shoes |  |  | pairs and 2 shoes |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pair=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a pair | 2 shoes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A horseshoe is a curved piece of metal fixed to a horse's hoof.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoe:m3:1
# text = A horseshoe is a curved piece of metal fixed to a horse's hoof.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horseshoe	horseshoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	curved	curved	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	_
14	hoof	hoof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a horseshoe | a curved piece |  |  |  | of metal | tree rules |
| 2 | **fix** | participle |  | a curved piece *not said here* |  |  |  | to a horse's hoof | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to hoof=Co-Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pair of shoes costs $30.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoe:x1:1
# text = A pair of shoes costs $30.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	$	$	SYM	$	_	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | a pair of shoes |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme $=Value |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She has 6 pairs of shoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoe:x2:1
# text = She has 6 pairs of shoes.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	pairs	pair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | She | 6 pairs of shoes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pair=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many shoes are in 4 pairs?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoe:x3:1
# text = How many shoes are in 4 pairs?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	pairs	pair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | many shoes |  |  | 4 pairs |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop sold 18 shoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoe:x4:1
# text = The shop sold 18 shoes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	18	18	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past | the shop | 18 shoes |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Take off your shoes at the door.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoe:x5:1
# text = Take off your shoes at the door.
1	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	off	off	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take off** | imperative | you *not said here* | your shoes |  | the door |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I can tie my shoelaces by myself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoe:x6:1
# text = I can tie my shoelaces by myself.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	tie	tie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	shoelaces	shoelace	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	myself	myself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tie** | can | I | my shoelaces |  |  |  | by myself | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoelace=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The blacksmith put new shoes on the horse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoe:x7:1
# text = The blacksmith put new shoes on the horse.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	blacksmith	blacksmith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | the blacksmith | new shoes |  |  |  | on the horse | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Theme on horse=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Try to put yourself in her shoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoe:x8:1
# text = Try to put yourself in her shoes.
1	Try	try	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **put** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | yourself |  | her shoes |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent yourself=Theme in shoe=Destination |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Queen pulled off her shoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoe:x9:1
# text = The Queen pulled off her shoes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Queen	Queen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pulled	pull	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull off** | past | the Queen | Queen's shoes |  |  |  |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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