---
title: shoplifting — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «shoplifting» in the school dictionary: Stealing things from a shop by hiding them and leaving without paying. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# shoplifting

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** police, Shoplifting, sign, Shops, prices, friend · **What happens:** steal, hide, leave, pay, take, be · **To what, where:** things, shop, crime, He, chocolate bar, Shoplifters · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«shoplifting» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [shoplifting in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/shoplifting.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stealing things from a shop by hiding them and leaving without paying.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoplifting:m1:1
# text = Stealing things from a shop by hiding them and leaving without paying.
1	Stealing	steal	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	hiding	hide	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
11	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	paying	pay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **steal** | gerund |  | things |  | a shop |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent thing=Theme from shop=Source |
| 2 | **hide** | gerund |  | things *= thing* |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 3 | **leave** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **pay** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A crime that police and shops take seriously.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoplifting:m2:1
# text = A crime that police and shops take seriously.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	obj	_	_
4	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
8	seriously	seriously	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | police and shops | a crime |  |  |  | seriously *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shoplifting is stealing, and it is against the law.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoplifting:x1:1
# text = Shoplifting is stealing, and it is against the law.
1	Shoplifting	shoplifting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	stealing	steal	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	against	against	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **steal** | present · progressive | Shoplifting |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | Shoplifting |  |  |  |  | against the law | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was caught shoplifting a chocolate bar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoplifting:x2:1
# text = He was caught shoplifting a chocolate bar.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	shoplifting	shoplift	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	bar	bar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | past · passive |  | He |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **shoplift** | gerund |  | a chocolate bar |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bar=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sign says «Shoplifters will be prosecuted».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoplifting:x3:1
# text = The sign says «Shoplifters will be prosecuted».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Shoplifters	shoplifter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	prosecuted	prosecute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the sign |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **prosecute** *in a quote* | future · passive |  | Shoplifters |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shops use cameras to stop shoplifting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoplifting:x4:1
# text = Shops use cameras to stop shoplifting.
1	Shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cameras	camera	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	shoplifting	shoplift	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Shops | cameras |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent camera=Patient |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | Shops *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **shoplift** | gerund | Shops *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shoplifting makes prices go up for everybody.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoplifting:x5:1
# text = Shoplifting makes prices go up for everybody.
1	Shoplifting	shoplifting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	everybody	everybody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Shoplifting | prices |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go up** | infinitive | prices *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for everybody | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, Jack's friend dared him to try shoplifting, and he said no.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shoplifting:x6:1
# text = In the story, Jack's friend dared him to try shoplifting, and he said no.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Jack	Jack	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	dared	dare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
12	shoplifting	shoplifting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
17	no.	no.	NOUN	NN	Abbr=Yes|Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dare** | past | Jack's friend | Jack |  | the story |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **try** | to-infinitive | Jack's friend *not said here* | shoplifting |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoplifting=Eventuality |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | friend | no. |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent no.=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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