---
title: shrinkage — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «shrinkage» in the school dictionary: The amount by which something gets smaller. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# shrinkage

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**Who acts:** amount, process, you, shrinkage, Wood, Shops · **What happens:** get, lose, wash, avoid, be, shrink · **To what, where:** Goods, shop, it, cold water, shrinkage, 3 centimetres

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«shrinkage» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [shrinkage in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/shrinkage.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The amount by which something gets smaller.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shrinkage:m1:1
# text = The amount by which something gets smaller.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	5	det	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
6	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | the amount |  |  |  |  | small *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The process of getting smaller.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shrinkage:m2:1
# text = The process of getting smaller.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	process	process	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | gerund | the process *not said here* |  |  |  |  | small *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: business — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Goods lost from a shop through theft, damage or mistakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shrinkage:m3:1
# text = Goods lost from a shop through theft, damage or mistakes.
1	Goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	0	root	_	_
2	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	theft	theft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | participle |  | Goods *not said here* |  | a shop |  | through theft and damage or mistakes | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent from shop=Initial\_Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash it in cold water to avoid shrinkage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shrinkage:x1:1
# text = Wash it in cold water to avoid shrinkage.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
8	shrinkage	shrinkage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | it |  | cold water |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 2 | **avoid** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | shrinkage |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent shrinkage=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shrinkage of the jumper was 3 centimetres.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shrinkage:x2:1
# text = The shrinkage of the jumper was 3 centimetres.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shrinkage	shrinkage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	centimetres	centimetre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the shrinkage of the jumper | 3 centimetres |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **shrink** |  |  | the jumper |  |  |  |  | nom shrinkage «event transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buy a bigger size to allow for shrinkage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shrinkage:x3:1
# text = Buy a bigger size to allow for shrinkage.
1	Buy	buy	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	allow	allow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	shrinkage	shrinkage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | imperative | you *not said here* | a bigger size |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent size=Theme |
| 2 | **allow** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for shrinkage *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent for shrinkage=Goal |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wood shows shrinkage as it dries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shrinkage:x4:1
# text = Wood shows shrinkage as it dries.
1	Wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	shrinkage	shrinkage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	dries	dry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | Wood | shrinkage |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent shrinkage=Recipient |
| 2 | **dry** | present | Wood |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shops lose money through shrinkage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shrinkage:x5:1
# text = Shops lose money through shrinkage.
1	Shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lose	lose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	shrinkage	shrinkage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present | Shops | money |  | shrinkage |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If 10% shrinkage happens to 50 cm, it becomes 45 cm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shrinkage:x6:1
# text = If 10% shrinkage happens to 50 cm, it becomes 45 cm.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	shrinkage	shrinkage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	45	45	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | % shrinkage |  |  |  |  | to 50 cm | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **become** | present | shrinkage | 45 cm |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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