---
title: shrunken — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «shrunken» in the school dictionary: Having become smaller than before, often in a way that looks wrinkled, dried or weak. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# shrunken

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** way, jumper, old man, raisin, spell, witch · **What happens:** have, become, look, wrinkle, dry, make · **To what, where:** wash, shrunken dried grape, prince, story, fewer school trips

<!-- .vabout -->
«shrunken» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [shrunken in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/shrunken.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having become smaller than before, often in a way that looks wrinkled, dried or weak.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shrunken:m1:1
# text = Having become smaller than before, often in a way that looks wrinkled, dried or weak.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	csubj	_	_
2	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	xcomp	_	_
3	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
4	than	than	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	before	before	ADV	RB	_	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	often	often	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	wrinkled	wrinkle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | small *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **look** | present | a way |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **wrinkle** | participle | a way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **dry** | participle | a way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of numbers or amounts — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made smaller, reduced.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shrunken:m2:1
# text = Made smaller, reduced.
1	Made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	smaller	small	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | small *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **reduce** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My jumper came out of the wash all shrunken.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shrunken:x1:1
# text = My jumper came out of the wash all shrunken.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	jumper	jumper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wash	wash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	advmod	_	_
9	shrunken	shrunken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come out** | past | My jumper | the wash |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient wash=Result |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old man looked shrunken in the big armchair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shrunken:x2:1
# text = The old man looked shrunken in the big armchair.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	shrunken	shrunken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	armchair	armchair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the old man |  |  |  |  | shrunken *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A raisin is a shrunken, dried grape.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shrunken:x3:1
# text = A raisin is a shrunken, dried grape.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	raisin	raisin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	shrunken	shrunken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	dried	dried	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	grape	grape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a raisin | a shrunken dried grape |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shrunken lake left boats stuck in the mud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shrunken:x4:1
# text = The shrunken lake left boats stuck in the mud.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	shrunken	shrunken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	stuck	stuck	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the witch's spell left the prince shrunken to the size of a thumb.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shrunken:x5:1
# text = In the story, the witch's spell left the prince shrunken to the size of a thumb.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	spell	spell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	shrunken	shrunken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	thumb	thumb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | the witch's spell | the prince |  | the story |  | shrunken *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent prince=Theme in story=Location |
| 2 | **spell** |  | the witch |  |  |  |  |  | nom spell «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shrunken budget meant fewer school trips.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shrunken:x6:1
# text = The shrunken budget meant fewer school trips.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	shrunken	shrunken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	budget	budget	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	trips	trip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | past | the shrunken budget | fewer school trips |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trip=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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