---
title: shudder — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «shudder» in the school dictionary: To shudder is to shake suddenly, usually from fear, cold, or disgust. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# shudder

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**Who acts:** shudder, Potentilla, Prince, I · **What happens:** be, shudder, cry, give, think · **To what, where:** one such shake, shudder, spiders

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«shudder» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [shudder in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/shudder.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To shudder is to shake suddenly, usually from fear, cold, or disgust.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shudder:m1:1
# text = To shudder is to shake suddenly, usually from fear, cold, or disgust.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	shudder	shudder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	shake	shake	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	disgust	disgust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | shake, suddenly *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shudder is one such shake of the body.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shudder:m2:1
# text = A shudder is one such shake of the body.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shudder	shudder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	shake	shake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a shudder | one such shake |  |  |  | of the body | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Potentilla only shuddered and cried.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shudder:x1:1
# text = Potentilla only shuddered and cried.
1	Potentilla	potentilla	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	shuddered	shudder	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shudder** | past | Potentilla |  |  |  |  |  | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Potentilla *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Prince gave a shudder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shudder:x2:1
# text = The Prince gave a shudder.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Prince	Prince	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	shudder	shudder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the Prince | a shudder |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shudder=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I shudder at the thought of spiders.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shudder:x3:1
# text = I shudder at the thought of spiders.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shudder	shudder	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	thought	thought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	spiders	spider	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shudder** | present | I |  |  |  |  | at the thought of spiders | vn body\_internal\_states-40.6 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer at thought=Stimulus |
| 2 | **think** |  |  | spiders |  |  |  |  | nom thought «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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