---
title: shutter — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «shutter» in the school dictionary: A shutter is a wooden or metal cover on a window that you open and close to keep out light, wind or burglars. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# shutter

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** shutter, you, tiny part, shop shutter, Grandma, sun · **What happens:** be, open, keep out, let in, take, shutter · **To what, where:** wooden metal cover, window, light, tiny part, camera, photo

<!-- .vabout -->
«shutter» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [shutter in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/shutter.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shutter is a wooden or metal cover on a window that you open and close to keep out light, wind or burglars.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shutter:m1:1
# text = A shutter is a wooden or metal cover on a window that you open and close to keep out light, wind or burglars.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shutter	shutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obj	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	open	open	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
19	out	out	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	burglars	burglar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a shutter | a wooden metal cover |  | a window |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **open** | present | you | a window |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location that=Theme |
| 3 | **keep out** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | light and wind or burglars |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a camera, the shutter is the tiny part that opens for a moment to let light in when you take a photo.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shutter:m2:1
# text = In a camera, the shutter is the tiny part that opens for a moment to let light in when you take a photo.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shutter	shutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	opens	open	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
18	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
20	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	22	advmod	_	_
21	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the shutter | the tiny part |  | a camera |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **open** | present | the tiny part |  |  |  | moment |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **let in** | to-infinitive | the tiny part *not said here* | light |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme |
| 4 | **take** | present | you | a photo |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent photo=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To shutter a shop or business is to close it, often for good.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shutter:m3:1
# text = To shutter a shop or business is to close it, often for good.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	shutter	shutter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	close	close	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	often	often	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shutter** | to-infinitive |  | a shop or business |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent shop=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | close *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  | often *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shop shutter is a metal roll-down cover on a shop front.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shutter:m4:1
# text = A shop shutter is a metal roll-down cover on a shop front.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	shutter	shutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
6	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	roll	roll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	down	down	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a shop shutter | a down cover |  | a shop front |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma closes the shutters when the sun is hot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shutter:x1:1
# text = Grandma closes the shutters when the sun is hot.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	closes	close	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	shutters	shutter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | present | Grandma | the shutters |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shutter=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | the sun |  |  |  |  | hot *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shutters banged in the wind all night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shutter:x2:1
# text = The shutters banged in the wind all night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shutters	shutter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	banged	bang	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bang** | past | the shutters |  |  | the wind | night |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wind=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Press the button and the camera shutter clicks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shutter:x3:1
# text = Press the button and the camera shutter clicks.
1	Press	press	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	shutter	shutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	clicks	click	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **press** | imperative | you *not said here* | the button |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent button=Theme |
| 2 | **click** | present | the camera shutter |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fast shutter can photograph a running dog without blur.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shutter:x4:1
# text = A fast shutter can photograph a running dog without blur.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shutter	shutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	photograph	photograph	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	without	without	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	blur	blur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **photograph** | can | a fast shutter | a running dog |  |  |  | without blur | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Theme |
| 2 | **run** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shopkeeper pulled down the metal shutter at six.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shutter:x5:1
# text = The shopkeeper pulled down the metal shutter at six.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shopkeeper	shopkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pulled	pull	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	shutter	shutter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull down** | past | the shopkeeper | the metal shutter |  | six |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent shutter=Theme at six=Asset |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many shops on the high street are shuttered now.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shutter:x6:1
# text = Many shops on the high street are shuttered now.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	shuttered	shutter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shutter** | present · passive |  | Many shops on the high street |  |  | now |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Green shutters made the cottage look pretty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shutter:x7:1
# text = Green shutters made the cottage look pretty.
1	Green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	shutters	shutter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cottage	cottage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	pretty	pretty	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Green shutters | the cottage |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | infinitive | the cottage *not said here* |  |  |  |  | pretty *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shutters outside the windows were closed, but lights shone through the crevices at the top.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shutter:x8:1
# text = The shutters outside the windows were closed, but lights shone through the crevices at the top.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shutters	shutter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	shone	shine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
12	through	through	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	crevices	crevice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | past · passive |  | the shutters outside the windows |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **shine** | past | lights |  |  | the crevices |  | at the top | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through crevice=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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