---
title: shy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «shy» in the school dictionary: Shy means nervous and quiet with people you do not know well. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# shy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Shy, you, She, shy boy, Deer, He · **What happens:** mean, not know, frighten, keep away, shy away, be · **To what, where:** people, shy animal, something, horse, less, number · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«shy» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [shy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/shy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shy means nervous and quiet with people you do not know well.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shy:m1:1
# text = Shy means nervous and quiet with people you do not know well.
1	Shy	shy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	nervous	nervous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Shy |  |  |  |  | nervous *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **know** | present · do-support | you | people *not said here* |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer people=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A shy animal is easily frightened and keeps away from people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shy:m2:1
# text = A shy animal is easily frightened and keeps away from people.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	shy	shy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	frightened	frighten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	away	away	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **frighten** | present · passive |  | a shy animal |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 2 | **keep away** | present |  |  |  |  |  | from people; away *property* | vn forbid-64.4 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer from people=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To shy away from something is to avoid it because you are nervous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shy:m3:1
# text = To shy away from something is to avoid it because you are nervous.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	shy	shy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	nervous	nervous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shy away** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | something |  | away *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | avoid *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | nervous *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To shy (of a horse) is to jump suddenly because it is frightened.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shy:m4:1
# text = To shy (of a horse) is to jump suddenly because it is frightened.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	shy	shy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	advcl	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	jump	jump	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	frightened	frighten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | jump, suddenly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **frighten** | present · passive |  | horse |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Shy of" a number means a little less than it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shy:m5:1
# text = "Shy of" a number means a little less than it.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Shy	shy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	little	little	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	advmod	_	_
10	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	obj	_	_
11	than	than	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Shy of a number | less |  |  |  | than number | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent less=Topic |
| 2 | **shy** *in a quote* |  |  | a number |  |  |  |  | nom shy «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be shy of something means to be wary of it or unwilling to accept it.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shy:m6:1
# text = To be shy of something means to be wary of it or unwilling to accept it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	cop	_	_
3	shy	shy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	wary	wary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	ccomp	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	unwilling	unwill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	accept	accept	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of something; shy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | shy |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of it; wary *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **unwill** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **accept** | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was too shy to sing in front of the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shy:x1:1
# text = She was too shy to sing in front of the class.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	too	too	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	shy	shy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sing	sing	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  |  |  | shy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | to-infinitive | She *not said here* |  |  | front of the class |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in front=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shy boy hid behind his mum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shy:x2:1
# text = The shy boy hid behind his mum.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	shy	shy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | past | the shy boy |  |  |  |  | behind boy's mum | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent behind mum=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Deer are shy animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shy:x3:1
# text = Deer are shy animals.
1	Deer	deer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	shy	shy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Deer | shy animals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't be shy — come and join us!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shy:x4:1
# text = Don't be shy — come and join us!
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	shy	shy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	obj	_	_
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	join	join	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | shy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **join** | infinitive |  | us |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He shied away from answering.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shy:x5:1
# text = He shied away from answering.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shied	shy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	answering	answer	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shy away** | past | He |  |  |  |  | away *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **answer** *speech: assert* | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horse shied at the plastic bag.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shy:x6:1
# text = The horse shied at the plastic bag.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	shied	shy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	plastic	plastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shy** | participle |  | the horse *not said here* |  | the plastic bag |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tower is just shy of one hundred metres.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shy:x7:1
# text = The tower is just shy of one hundred metres.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	just	just	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	shy	shy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	compound	_	_
8	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the tower |  |  |  |  | of hundred metres; shy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be shy of favours bestowed at the expense of others.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:shy:x8:1
# text = Be shy of favours bestowed at the expense of others.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	shy	shy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	favours	favour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	bestowed	bestow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	expense	expense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of favours; shy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **bestow** | participle |  | favours *not said here* |  | the expense of others |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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