---
title: signer — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «signer» in the school dictionary: A signer is a person who signs their name on something, like a letter, card or important document. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# signer

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** signer, person, their, card, John, school play · **What happens:** be, sign, name, use, interpret, stand · **To what, where:** person, name, something, sign language, speech, Prime Minister

<!-- .vabout -->
«signer» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [signer in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/signer.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A signer is a person who signs their name on something, like a letter, card or important document.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signer:m1:1
# text = A signer is a person who signs their name on something, like a letter, card or important document.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	signer	signer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	signs	sign	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	document	document	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a signer | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sign** | present | a person | their name |  | something |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme on something=Destination |
| 3 | **name** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A signer is also a person who uses sign language, especially one who interprets speech into sign language for deaf people.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signer:m2:1
# text = A signer is also a person who uses sign language, especially one who interprets speech into sign language for deaf people.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	signer	signer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	conj	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	interprets	interpret	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	into	into	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	for	for	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	deaf	deaf	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a signer | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | present | a person | sign language |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient |
| 3 | **interpret** | present |  | speech |  | sign language for deaf people |  |  | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent speech=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A signer stood beside the Prime Minister on TV.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signer:x1:1
# text = A signer stood beside the Prime Minister on TV.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	signer	signer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Prime	Prime	PROPN	NNP	_	7	compound	_	_
7	Minister	Minister	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | a signer |  |  | the Prime Minister |  | on TV | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beside minister=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The card had twenty signers from our class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signer:x2:1
# text = The card had twenty signers from our class.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	signers	signer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the card | twenty signers |  | our class |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signer=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
John Hancock was a famous signer of the Declaration of Independence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signer:x3:1
# text = John Hancock was a famous signer of the Declaration of Independence.
1	John	John	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Hancock	Hancock	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	signer	signer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Declaration	Declaration	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Independence	Independence	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | John | a famous signer |  |  |  | of the Declaration of Independence | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Every signer must print their name too.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signer:x4:1
# text = Every signer must print their name too.
1	Every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	signer	signer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	print	print	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	too	too	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **print** | must | every signer | their name |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Theme |
| 2 | **name** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school play had a signer for deaf families.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signer:x5:1
# text = Our school play had a signer for deaf families.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	signer	signer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	deaf	deaf	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Our school play | a signer |  |  |  | for deaf families | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signer=Patient |
| 2 | **play** |  | Our |  |  |  |  |  | nom play «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is learning to be a BSL signer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signer:x6:1
# text = She is learning to be a BSL signer.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	BSL	BSL	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	signer	signer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present · progressive | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | a BSL signer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The petition needs one hundred signers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signer:x7:1
# text = The petition needs one hundred signers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	petition	petition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	compound	_	_
5	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	signers	signer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | the petition | hundred signers |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot signer=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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