---
title: signified — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «signified» in the school dictionary: Signified is the past form of signify: it means showed, meant or stood for. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# signified

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Signified past form, form, It, She, signified, idea · **What happens:** signify, be, mean, show, stand, make · **To what, where:** Signified past form, idea, end, agreement, peace, sun god · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«signified» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [signified in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/signified.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Signified is the past form of signify: it means showed, meant or stood for.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signified:m1:1
# text = Signified is the past form of signify: it means showed, meant or stood for.
1	Signified	signify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	signify	signify	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
11	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	meant	mean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the Signified past form |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **signify** | infinitive | the Signified past form |  |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **mean** | present | form |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **show** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 6 | **mean** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **stand** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It can mean made known by a sign or action: «She signified that she agreed by nodding.».

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signified:m2:1
# text = It can mean made known by a sign or action: «She signified that she agreed by nodding.».
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
5	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	signified	signify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
16	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	agreed	agree	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	advcl	_	_
18	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
19	nodding	nod	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **know** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by a sign or action | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **signify** *in a quote* | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 5 | **agree** *speech: agree* *in a quote* | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **nod** *in a quote* | gerund | she *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, language study — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The signified is the idea or meaning that a word or sign points to, as opposed to the sound or letters (the signifier).

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signified:m3:1
# text = The signified is the idea or meaning that a word or sign points to, as opposed to the sound or letters (the signifier).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	signified	signified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	points	point	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
14	to	too	ADV	RB	Typo=Yes	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	opposed	oppose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
23	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	signifier	signifier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the signified | the idea |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund | the idea *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **point** | present | a word or sign |  |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **oppose** | participle | a word or sign *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the sound or letters | vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The red flag signified that swimming was not safe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signified:x1:1
# text = The red flag signified that swimming was not safe.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	flag	flag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	signified	signify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | past | the red flag |  |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **not** **is** | past | swimming |  |  |  |  | safe *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bell signified the end of break.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signified:x2:1
# text = The bell signified the end of break.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	signified	signify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	break	break	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | past | the bell | the end of break |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot end=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She signified her agreement with a quick nod.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signified:x3:1
# text = She signified her agreement with a quick nod.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	signified	signify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	nod	nod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | past | She | her agreement |  |  |  | with a quick nod | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot agreement=Theme |
| 2 | **agree** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom agreement «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the white dove signified peace.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signified:x4:1
# text = In the story, the white dove signified peace.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	dove	dove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	signified	signify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | past | the white dove | peace |  |  |  | in the story | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot peace=Theme in story=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher's raised hand signified that we should be quiet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signified:x5:1
# text = The teacher's raised hand signified that we should be quiet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	raised	raise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	signified	signify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
11	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **signify** | past | the teacher's raised hand |  |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **is** | should | we |  |  |  |  | quiet *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ancient carving signified the sun god.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signified:x6:1
# text = The ancient carving signified the sun god.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	carving	carving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	signified	signify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	god	god	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | past | the ancient carving | the sun god |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot god=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) The word «dog» is the signifier; the idea of a dog is the signified.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signified:x7:1
# text = (formal) The word «dog» is the signifier; the idea of a dog is the signified.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	signifier	signifier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	signified	signified	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | dog | the signifier |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the idea of a dog |  |  |  |  | signified *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The name Palatine, which originally signified a pastoral colony, is derived from this divinity.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:signified:x8:1
# text = The name Palatine, which originally signified a pastoral colony, is derived from this divinity.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	Palatine	Palatine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	originally	originally	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	signified	signify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	pastoral	pastoral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	colony	colony	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	derived	derive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	det	_	_
16	divinity	divinity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | past | Palatine | a pastoral colony |  |  |  | originally *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot colony=Theme |
| 2 | **derive** | present · passive |  | the name |  | this divinity |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: subject=Result from divinity=Material |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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