---
title: sima — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sima» in the school dictionary: The lower layer of the Earth's crust, under the oceans and below the continents, made of heavy rock rich in silicon and magnesium (si + ma). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sima

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sima, old textbook, Basalt, word sima, lighter sial · **What happens:** make, give, be, show, come, rest · **To what, where:** lower layer, given name, several countries, heavier layer, ocean floor, sial

<!-- .vabout -->
«sima» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sima in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sima.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: geology, older term — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lower layer of the Earth's crust, under the oceans and below the continents, made of heavy rock rich in silicon and magnesium (si + ma).

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sima:m1:1
# text = The lower layer of the Earth's crust, under the oceans and below the continents, made of heavy rock rich in silicon and magnesium (si + ma).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	lower	low	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	crust	crust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	under	under	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	oceans	ocean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	below	below	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	continents	continent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	silicon	silicon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	magnesium	magnesium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
27	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	si	si	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	appos	_	_
29	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	30	cc	_	_
30	ma	ma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | the lower layer of the Earth's crust and the oceans and the continents *not said here* |  |  |  | of heavy rock | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sima is a given name in several countries, for example in Iran, Croatia and Czechia.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sima:m2:1
# text = Sima is a given name in several countries, for example in Iran, Croatia and Czechia.
1	Sima	sima	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Iran	Iran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Croatia	Croatia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	Czechia	Czechia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Sima | a given name |  | several countries |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sima is the heavier layer of rock under the ocean floor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sima:x1:1
# text = Sima is the heavier layer of rock under the ocean floor.
1	Sima	sima	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	heavier	heavy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	under	under	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	ocean	ocean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sima | the heavier layer |  | the ocean floor |  | of rock | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old textbook showed sial on top of sima.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sima:x2:1
# text = The old textbook showed sial on top of sima.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	textbook	textbook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	sial	sial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sima	sima	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the old textbook | sial |  | top of sima |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sial=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Basalt is a rock typical of the sima.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sima:x3:1
# text = Basalt is a rock typical of the sima.
1	Basalt	basalt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	typical	typical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sima	sima	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Basalt | a rock |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word sima comes from silicon and magnesium.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sima:x4:1
# text = The word sima comes from silicon and magnesium.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sima	sima	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	silicon	silicon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	magnesium	magnesium	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | the word sima |  |  | silicon and magnesium |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from silicon=Initial\_Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sima is a girl in my class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sima:x5:1
# text = Sima is a girl in my class.
1	Sima	sima	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sima | a girl |  | my class |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Under the continents, the lighter sial rests on the heavier sima.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sima:x6:1
# text = Under the continents, the lighter sial rests on the heavier sima.
1	Under	under	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	continents	continent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	sial	sial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	rests	rest	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	heavier	heavy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	sima	sima	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rest** | present | the lighter sial |  |  | the continents |  | on the heavier sima | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under continent=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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