---
title: simplification — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «simplification» in the school dictionary: The act of making something simpler or easier to understand or do. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# simplification

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** act, something, explanation, version, Simplification, perfect ball · **What happens:** make, understand, do, leave out, be, turn · **To what, where:** something, details, expression, 4/8, 1/2, 2/3 · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«simplification» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [simplification in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/simplification.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of making something simpler or easier to understand or do.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simplification:m1:1
# text = The act of making something simpler or easier to understand or do.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	simpler	simple	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	understand	understand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund | the act *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |
| 2 | **understand** | to-infinitive | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **do** | infinitive | something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An explanation or version that leaves out details to be easier, sometimes so much that it is no longer quite right.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simplification:m2:1
# text = An explanation or version that leaves out details to be easier, sometimes so much that it is no longer quite right.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	explanation	explanation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	version	version	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	leaves	leave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	details	detail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
11	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	15	advmod	_	_
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	much	much	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
19	no	no	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	22	advmod	_	_
21	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
22	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave out** | present | a explanation or version | details |  |  |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent detail=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive | a explanation or version |  |  |  |  | easy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | version |  |  |  |  | long, right *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Making an expression or fraction simpler, like turning 4/8 into 1/2.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simplification:m3:1
# text = Making an expression or fraction simpler, like turning 4/8 into 1/2.
1	Making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	expression	expression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	fraction	fraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	simpler	simple	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	like	like	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
10	4/8	4/8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obj	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	1/2	1/2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund |  | a expression or fraction |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset expression=Product |
| 2 | **turn** | gerund |  | 4/8 |  | 1/2 |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent 4/8=Theme into 1/2=Trajectory |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Simplification of 6/9 gives 2/3.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simplification:x1:1
# text = Simplification of 6/9 gives 2/3.
1	Simplification	simplification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	6/9	6/9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	nmod	_	_
4	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	2/3	2/3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Simplification of 6/9 | 2/3 |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 2/3=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saying the Earth is a perfect ball is a simplification.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simplification:x2:1
# text = Saying the Earth is a perfect ball is a simplification.
1	Saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	perfect	perfect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	simplification	simplification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | the Earth |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent earth=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a perfect ball | a simplification |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new rules are a simplification of the old ones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simplification:x3:1
# text = The new rules are a simplification of the old ones.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	simplification	simplification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the new rules | a simplification |  |  |  | of the old ones | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That's an oversimplification — the war had many causes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simplification:x4:1
# text = That's an oversimplification — the war had many causes.
1	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	oversimplification	oversimplification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	causes	cause	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | That | a oversimplification |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past | the war | many causes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cause=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Simplification of 2x + 3x gives 5x.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simplification:x5:1
# text = Simplification of 2x + 3x gives 5x.
1	Simplification	simplification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
3	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	x	x	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	3	flat	_	_
5	+	+	SYM	SYM	_	6	cc	_	_
6	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	x	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
8	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	x	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Simplification of 2 x | 5 x |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent x=Theme |
| 2 | **simplify** |  |  | 2 x |  |  |  |  | nom simplification «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher made a simplification so younger children could follow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simplification:x6:1
# text = The teacher made a simplification so younger children could follow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	simplification	simplification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	follow	follow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the teacher | a simplification |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent simplification=Product |
| 2 | **follow** | could | younger children |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Simplification of the instructions made the game easier to learn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simplification:x7:1
# text = Simplification of the instructions made the game easier to learn.
1	Simplification	simplification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	instructions	instruction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	xcomp	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Simplification of the instructions | the game |  |  |  | easy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset game=Product |
| 2 | **learn** | to-infinitive | the game *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **simplify** |  |  | the instructions |  |  |  |  | nom simplification «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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