---
title: simulation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «simulation» in the school dictionary: A simulation is a copy of a real situation, made on a computer or with models, so that people can study it or practise safely. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# simulation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** simulation, people, We, planets, Pilots, fire drill · **What happens:** be, make, study, practise, mean, pretend · **To what, where:** copy, simulation, pretend version, false show, interest, computer simulation

<!-- .vabout -->
«simulation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [simulation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/simulation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A simulation is a copy of a real situation, made on a computer or with models, so that people can study it or practise safely.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simulation:m1:1
# text = A simulation is a copy of a real situation, made on a computer or with models, so that people can study it or practise safely.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	simulation	simulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	situation	situation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:agent	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	models	model	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	23	mark	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	fixed	_	_
21	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
22	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	study	study	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	practise	practise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	conj	_	_
27	safely	safely	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a simulation | a copy |  |  |  | of a real situation | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a copy *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **study** | can | people | simulation |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 4 | **practise** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | safely *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A simulation can also be a pretend version of something, like a fire drill or a flight simulator.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simulation:m2:1
# text = A simulation can also be a pretend version of something, like a fire drill or a flight simulator.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	simulation	simulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	pretend	pretend	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	version	version	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	drill	drill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	simulator	simulator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a simulation | a pretend version |  |  |  | of something | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Simulation can mean pretending, putting on a false show: a simulation of interest.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simulation:m3:1
# text = Simulation can mean pretending, putting on a false show: a simulation of interest.
1	Simulation	simulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	pretending	pretend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	conj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	show	show	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	simulation	simulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Simulation |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **pretend** *not said to happen* | gerund | Simulation *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **put** | gerund | Simulation *not said here* |  |  | a false show and a simulation of interest |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on show=Destination |
| 4 | **simulate** |  |  | interest |  |  |  |  | nom simulation «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We used a computer simulation to see how the planets orbit the Sun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simulation:x1:1
# text = We used a computer simulation to see how the planets orbit the Sun.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	simulation	simulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	planets	planet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	orbit	orbit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Sun.	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | We | a computer simulation |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent simulation=Patient |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **orbit** | present | the planets |  |  |  | sunday |  | vn orbit-51.9.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pilots practise emergencies in a flight simulator.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simulation:x2:1
# text = Pilots practise emergencies in a flight simulator.
1	Pilots	pilot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	practise	practise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	emergencies	emergency	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	simulator	simulator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **practise** | present | Pilots | emergencies |  | a flight simulator |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fire drill is a simulation of a real fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simulation:x3:1
# text = The fire drill is a simulation of a real fire.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	drill	drill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	simulation	simulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the fire drill | a simulation |  |  |  | of a real fire | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The simulation rolled a dice a thousand times.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simulation:x4:1
# text = The simulation rolled a dice a thousand times.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	simulation	simulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rolled	roll	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	dice	dice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll** | past | the simulation | a dice |  |  | time |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dice=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists run simulations to predict the weather.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simulation:x5:1
# text = Scientists run simulations to predict the weather.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	run	run	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	simulations	simulation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	predict	predict	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | present | Scientists | simulations |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme simulation=Trajectory |
| 2 | **predict** | to-infinitive | Scientists *not said here* | the weather |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot weather=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My brother plays a farming simulation game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:simulation:x6:1
# text = My brother plays a farming simulation game.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	plays	play	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	farming	farming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	simulation	simulation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | present | My brother | a simulation game |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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