---
title: sinner — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sinner» in the school dictionary: A sinner is a person who has done something wrong according to a religion's rules. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sinner

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sinner, person, religion, priest, play, old gentleman · **What happens:** be, do, accord, rule, say, forgive · **To what, where:** person, something, anyone, sinners, story, sinner · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sinner» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sinner in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sinner.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sinner is a person who has done something wrong according to a religion's rules.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sinner:m1:1
# text = A sinner is a person who has done something wrong according to a religion's rules.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sinner	sinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	_
10	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
11	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	case	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	religion	religion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	14	case	_	_
16	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sinner | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | present · perfect | a person | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **rule** |  | a religion |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: joking — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sinner is anyone who has done something a bit naughty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sinner:m2:1
# text = A sinner is anyone who has done something a bit naughty.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sinner	sinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	naughty	naughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sinner | anyone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | present · perfect |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The priest said all sinners can be forgiven.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sinner:x1:1
# text = The priest said all sinners can be forgiven.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	priest	priest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	sinners	sinner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	forgiven	forgive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the priest |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **forgive** | can · passive |  | all sinners |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the sinner asked for forgiveness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sinner:x2:1
# text = In the story, the sinner asked for forgiveness.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sinner	sinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	forgiveness	forgiveness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the sinner |  |  | the story |  | for forgiveness | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(joking) Who's the sinner who ate my chocolate?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sinner:x3:1
# text = (joking) Who's the sinner who ate my chocolate?
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	joking	joke	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	_
4	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sinner	sinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **joke** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chit\_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | the sinner |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **eat** | past | the sinner | my chocolate |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chocolate=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The play was about saints and sinners.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sinner:x4:1
# text = The play was about saints and sinners.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	saints	saint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	sinners	sinner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the play |  |  |  |  | about saints and sinners | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old gentleman said: "It is true; I am a hardened sinner.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sinner:x5:1
# text = The old gentleman said: "It is true; I am a hardened sinner.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	gentleman	gentleman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
12	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	hardened	harden	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	sinner	sinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the old gentleman |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | It |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **harden** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | the old gentleman *= gentleman* | a hardened sinner |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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