---
title: sire — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sire» in the school dictionary: Sire was a way of speaking to a king, like «Your Majesty»: «Yes, sire.». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sire

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sire, way, horse, stable boy, knight, famous racehorse · **What happens:** be, speak, mean, say, forgive, bow · **To what, where:** way, Majesty, father, old word, knight, many champion foals · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sire» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sire in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sire.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sire was a way of speaking to a king, like «Your Majesty»: «Yes, sire.».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sire:m1:1
# text = Sire was a way of speaking to a king, like «Your Majesty»: «Yes, sire.».
1	Sire	sire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	Majesty	majesty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	20	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	sire	sire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Sire | a way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | a way *not said here* | Your Majesty |  |  |  | to a king | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sire of an animal, especially a horse or dog, is its father.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sire:m2:1
# text = The sire of an animal, especially a horse or dog, is its father.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sire	sire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the sire of a animal and a horse or dog | sire's father |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To sire means to be the father of a young animal (or, in old writing, of a child).

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sire:m3:1
# text = To sire means to be the father of a young animal (or, in old writing, of a child).
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sire	sire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | sire |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | the father |  |  |  | of a young animal | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old-fashioned — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sire was also an old word for a lord or a father.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sire:m4:1
# text = Sire was also an old word for a lord or a father.
1	Sire	sire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Sire | a old word |  |  |  | for a lord or a father | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Your horse is ready, sire,» said the stable boy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sire:x1:1
# text = «Your horse is ready, sire,» said the stable boy.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	sire	sire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	stable	stable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present | Your horse |  |  |  |  | sire *obl*; ready *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the stable boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Forgive me, sire,» the knight said, bowing to the king.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sire:x2:1
# text = «Forgive me, sire,» the knight said, bowing to the king.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Forgive	forgive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	sire	sire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	bowing	bow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forgive** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the knight *= knight* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the knight |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **bow** | gerund | the knight *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the king | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.pivot»: agent=Agent to king=Pivot |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The famous racehorse sired many champion foals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sire:x3:1
# text = The famous racehorse sired many champion foals.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	racehorse	racehorse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sired	sire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	champion	champion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	foals	foal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sire** | past | the famous racehorse | many champion foals |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foal=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy's sire was a prize-winning sheepdog.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sire:x4:1
# text = The puppy's sire was a prize-winning sheepdog.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	sire	sire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	winning	win	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	sheepdog	sheepdog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the puppy's sire | a winning sheepdog |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer chose a strong bull to sire the calves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sire:x5:1
# text = The farmer chose a strong bull to sire the calves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chose	choose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	bull	bull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	sire	sire	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	calves	calf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | past | the farmer | a strong bull |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bull=Theme |
| 2 | **sire** | to-infinitive | the farmer *not said here* | the calves |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calf=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the old tale, the prince's sire was a wise king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sire:x6:1
# text = In the old tale, the prince's sire was a wise king.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	prince	prince	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	sire	sire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the prince's sire | a wise king |  | the old tale |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Sire, I have obeyed your orders.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sire:x7:1
# text = “Sire, I have obeyed your orders.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sire	sire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	obeyed	obey	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	orders	order	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **obey** *in a quote* | present · perfect · passive |  | Sire |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **order** *in a quote* |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom order «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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