---
title: sitting — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sitting» in the school dictionary: Sitting means resting your bottom on a chair, the floor or another seat, with your back up. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sitting

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sitting, book, one session, children, you, bus · **What happens:** mean, rest, sit, stay, be, serve · **To what, where:** bottom, chair, place, shelf, one, meal

<!-- .vabout -->
«sitting» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sitting in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sitting.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sitting means resting your bottom on a chair, the floor or another seat, with your back up.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sitting:m1:1
# text = Sitting means resting your bottom on a chair, the floor or another seat, with your back up.
1	Sitting	sitting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	resting	rest	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	14	det	_	_
14	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
19	up	up	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Sitting |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **rest** *not said to happen* | gerund | Sitting *not said here* | your bottom |  | a chair and the floor or another seat |  | with your back | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent bottom=Theme on chair=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sitting can mean staying in a place or position: the book was sitting on the shelf.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sitting:m2:1
# text = Sitting can mean staying in a place or position: the book was sitting on the shelf.
1	Sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	staying	stay	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	position	position	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	shelf	shelf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **stay** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  | a place or position |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location |
| 4 | **sit** | past · progressive | the book |  |  | the shelf |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on shelf=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sitting is one of the times when a meal is served to a group, or one session of doing something.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sitting:m3:1
# text = A sitting is one of the times when a meal is served to a group, or one session of doing something.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sitting	sitting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	served	serve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	session	session	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
20	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
21	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	acl	_	_
22	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sitting | one |  |  | time |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **serve** | present · passive |  | a meal | a group |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to group=Recipient |
| 3 | **do** | gerund | one session *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children were sitting on the carpet for the story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sitting:x1:1
# text = The children were sitting on the carpet for the story.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	carpet	carpet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past · progressive | the children |  |  | the carpet |  | for the story | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on carpet=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please stay sitting while the bus is moving.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sitting:x2:1
# text = Please stay sitting while the bus is moving.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	stay	stay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sit** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **move** | present · progressive | the bus |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My cat is sitting on the window sill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sitting:x3:1
# text = My cat is sitting on the window sill.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	sill	sill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | present · progressive | My cat |  |  | the window sill |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on sill=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I read the whole book at one sitting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sitting:x4:1
# text = I read the whole book at one sitting.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	sitting	sitting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | I | the whole book |  | one sitting |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent book=Theme at sitting=Value |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We were sitting by the campfire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sitting:x5:1
# text = We were sitting by the campfire.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	campfire	campfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past · progressive | We |  |  |  |  | by the campfire | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by campfire=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sitting for hours in front of a screen is not healthy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sitting:x6:1
# text = Sitting for hours in front of a screen is not healthy.
1	Sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	csubj	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | gerund |  |  |  | front of a screen | hour |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in front=Location |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | Sitting |  |  |  |  | healthy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The keys were sitting on the table the whole time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sitting:x7:1
# text = The keys were sitting on the table the whole time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	keys	key	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past · progressive | the keys |  |  | the table | time |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on table=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is babysitting her little cousin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sitting:x8:1
# text = She is babysitting her little cousin.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	babysitting	babysit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **babysit** | present · progressive | She | her little cousin |  |  |  |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cousin=Beneficiary |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Who’s been sitting on my little chair?’

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sitting:x9:1
# text = ‘Who’s been sitting on my little chair?’
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	’s	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux	_	_
5	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | present · progressive |  |  |  | my little chair |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on chair=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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