---
title: skinned — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «skinned» in the school dictionary: Skinned is the past of «to skin»: to take the skin off an animal or fruit. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# skinned

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, something, Thick skinned, I, cook, eyes · **What happens:** skin, take, scrape, describe, have, not mean · **To what, where:** past, skin, knee, word, kind, thick skinned · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«skinned» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [skinned in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/skinned.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Skinned is the past of «to skin»: to take the skin off an animal or fruit.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:skinned:m1:1
# text = Skinned is the past of «to skin»: to take the skin off an animal or fruit.
1	Skinned	skin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	aux:pass	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	off	off	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **skin** | present · passive |  | the past of skin |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP» |
| 2 | **take** | to-infinitive |  | the skin |  |  |  | off a animal or fruit | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent skin=Theme off animal=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you have skinned your knee, you have scraped some skin off it.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:skinned:m2:1
# text = If you have skinned your knee, you have scraped some skin off it.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	skinned	skin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	scraped	scrape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
11	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	off	off	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **skin** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · perfect | you | your knee |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer knee=Patient |
| 2 | **scrape** | present · perfect | you | some skin |  | skin |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent skin=Theme off it=Trajectory |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As part of a word, -skinned describes the kind of skin something has: thick-skinned, dark-skinned, smooth-skinned.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:skinned:m3:1
# text = As part of a word, -skinned describes the kind of skin something has: thick-skinned, dark-skinned, smooth-skinned.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	skinned	skin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	15	nsubj	_	_
15	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
17	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	skinned	skinned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	skinned	skinned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	skinned	skinned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **skin** | participle |  | a word *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **describe** | present |  | the kind of skin |  |  |  | as part of a word | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent kind=Theme as part=Attribute |
| 3 | **have** | present | something | thick skinned |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skinned=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thick-skinned means not easily upset by criticism; thin-skinned means easily upset.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:skinned:m4:1
# text = Thick-skinned means not easily upset by criticism; thin-skinned means easily upset.
1	Thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	skinned	skinned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
6	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	upset	upset	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	criticism	criticism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	skinned	skin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	nsubj	_	_
14	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
15	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	upset	upset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **mean** | present | Thick skinned |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **upset** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by criticism; easily *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **skin** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | upset *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I skinned my knee on the gravel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:skinned:x1:1
# text = I skinned my knee on the gravel.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	skinned	skin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gravel	gravel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **skin** | past | I | my knee |  | the gravel |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer knee=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cook skinned the potatoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:skinned:x2:1
# text = The cook skinned the potatoes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cook	cook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	skinned	skin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	potatoes	potato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **skin** | past | the cook | the potatoes |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer potato=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep your eyes skinned for the bus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:skinned:x3:1
# text = Keep your eyes skinned for the bus.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	skinned	skin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	xcomp	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | your eyes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **skin** | participle | your eyes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for the bus | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is thick-skinned and laughs off teasing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:skinned:x4:1
# text = She is thick-skinned and laughs off teasing.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	skinned	skinned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	laughs	laugh	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	teasing	tease	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  |  |  | skinned *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **laugh off** | present | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **tease** | gerund | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn ferret-35.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is thin-skinned and gets upset easily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:skinned:x5:1
# text = He is thin-skinned and gets upset easily.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	skinned	skinned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	upset	upset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | He |  |  |  |  | skinned *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** | present | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | easily, upset *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The recipe uses skinned tomatoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:skinned:x6:1
# text = The recipe uses skinned tomatoes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	recipe	recipe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	skinned	skinned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	tomatoes	tomato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | the recipe | skinned tomatoes |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tomato=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hunter skinned the rabbit for its fur.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:skinned:x7:1
# text = The hunter skinned the rabbit for its fur.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hunter	hunter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	skinned	skin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **skin** | past | the hunter | the rabbit |  |  |  | for hunter's fur | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rabbit=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bring up the great bull buffaloes, the blue-skinned herd bulls with the angry eyes.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:skinned:x8:1
# text = Bring up the great bull buffaloes, the blue-skinned herd bulls with the angry eyes.
1	Bring	bring	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	bull	bull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	buffaloes	buffalo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
9	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	skinned	skinned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	bulls	bull	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	angry	angry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring up** | imperative | you *not said here* | the great bull buffaloes and the skinned herd bulls with the angry eyes |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent buffalo=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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