---
title: slap — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «slap» in the school dictionary: To hit someone or something with an open hand. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# slap

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** She, you, He, They, Dad, fish · **What happens:** hit, put down, slap, not slap, laugh, run · **To what, where:** someone, something, book, anyone, knee, mosquito

<!-- .vabout -->
«slap» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [slap in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/slap.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hit someone or something with an open hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slap:m1:1
# text = To hit someone or something with an open hand.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hit	hit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	conj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  | with a open hand | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent someone=Patient with hand=Instrument |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hit with an open hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slap:m2:1
# text = A hit with an open hand.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hit	hit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To put something down quickly and noisily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slap:m3:1
# text = To put something down quickly and noisily.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
5	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	noisily	noisily	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put down** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent something=Goal |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"She slapped the book on the desk."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slap:m3e:1
# text = "She slapped the book on the desk."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	slapped	slap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	desk	desk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slap** *in a quote* | past | She | the book |  |  |  | on the desk | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent book=Instrument on desk=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Informal: exactly, directly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slap:m4:1
# text = Informal: exactly, directly.
1	Informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
3	exactly	exactly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	directly	directly	ADV	RB	_	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"slap in the middle".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slap:m4e:1
# text = "slap in the middle".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	slap	slap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never slap anyone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slap:x1:1
# text = Never slap anyone.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	slap	slap	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **slap** | imperative | you *not said here* | anyone |  |  |  |  | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent anyone=Instrument |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He slapped his knee and laughed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slap:x2:1
# text = He slapped his knee and laughed.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	slapped	slap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	knee	knee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	laughed	laugh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slap** | past | He | his knee |  |  |  |  | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knee=Patient |
| 2 | **laugh** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She slapped the mosquito on her arm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slap:x3:1
# text = She slapped the mosquito on her arm.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	slapped	slap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	mosquito	mosquito	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slap** | past | She | the mosquito |  |  |  | on mosquito's arm | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent mosquito=Instrument on arm=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They slapped on some sun cream and ran outside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slap:x4:1
# text = They slapped on some sun cream and ran outside.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	slapped	slap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
5	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slap** | past | They |  |  | some sun cream |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **run** | past | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  | outside *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad gave him a friendly slap on the back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slap:x5:1
# text = Dad gave him a friendly slap on the back.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	friendly	friendly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	slap	slap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Dad | a friendly slap | him *= he* | the back |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent he=Recipient slap=Theme on back=Asset |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fish slapped its tail on the water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slap:x6:1
# text = The fish slapped its tail on the water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	slapped	slap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slap** | past | the fish | fish's tail |  |  |  | on the water | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent tail=Instrument on water=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In his eagerness to kill it, he hit himself a smart slap.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slap:x7:1
# text = In his eagerness to kill it, he hit himself a smart slap.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	eagerness	eagerness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	hit	hit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	9	obj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	smart	smart	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	slap	slap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kill** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* | eagerness |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **hit** | past | he | himself *= he* |  | his eagerness |  |  | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP ADJP»: agent=Agent himself=Patient slap=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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